1 66 Second Report on Economic Zoology . 
The Pine Sawfly attacks chiefly the Scotch pine, but all kinds 
of conifers are liable to its invasion. It prefers trees with a sunny 
aspect, and hence it wall be noticed in greatest 
abundance at the borders of plantations or around 
clearings. Trees from twenty to thirty years old 
are most subject to the ravages of this pest, but 
young trees may sometimes be seen covered with 
the larvse. The damage they do is soon noticeable 
owing to the larvae feeding in companies. These 
colonies number sometimes as many as a hundred 
individuals. As the larvae grow they disperse, how- 
ever. The damage is caused in several ways —first 
by the larvae eating the needles ; this they do in 
two ways, by eating notches out of the sides of the 
needles and later by eating the whole needles down 
to their base. There are two broods during the 
year, the first of which devour the one-year-old 
needles and the second those of the current year. There are also 
records of the larvae eating the young bark. I have recently found 
L. rufus attacking the spruce (vide Fig. 24). 
Fig. 24.— spruce 
ATTACKED BY 
Lophyrus rufus. 
Life-history. 
The parent or adult Pine Sawfly (Fig. 26, a) is nearly three-fifths 
of an inch across the wings in the male, and about four-fifths in the 
female. The male is black, with the apex of the abdomen reddish, 
with white spots on the underside of the first segment ; in the female 
the body is dull yellow, with three dark areas on the thorax, and the 
middle of the abdomen black ; legs yellow, and the wings with dusky 
borders, not so noticeable in the forewings of the male. The sexes 
can most easily be told by the male having doubly pectinate 
antennae. 
The adults appear usually early in May ; Schlich says “ in April 
and May/’ and again as a second brood in August. 
The female, who seldom flies owing to her heavy build, lays her 
eggs on the needles in slits cut by the saw-like processes common to 
the Sawflies. As many as from ten to twenty may be placed in each 
needle, but as a rule not more than six or seven. Numbers of eggs 
are usually laid in close proximity, each one being covered over with 
a gummy or resinous secretion, and so protected from various 
enemies. This resinous material is scraped from the leaves. It is 
