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areas losses ran from 5 to 7 per cent of the timber. It is estimated that 
approximately six hundred million "board feet of western yellow pine was 
killed by this beetle during the year throughout Oregon and Washington. 
In Glacier National Park, "The southern pine beetle (D. frontalis Zimm. ) 
was exceedingly scarce throughout the forest in the Southeastern States. 
This situation was believed due to the nearly complete natural control of 
the beetle during the late fall and winter of 1930-31, brought about 
largely through two factors, namely, (l) abnormally high temperatures and 
(2) to a lesser extent to the activities of birds, particularly woodpeckers. 
The high temperatures during October and [November of 1930 brought about 
premature maturity and emergence of broods which normally overwinter in 
the larval, pupal, and adult stages. A large percentage of those broods 
were destroyed by woodpeckers as they reached the mature larval, pupal, 
'and callow adult stages. Others, which emerged attacked trees tout were 
unable successfully to establish their broods in them so late in the season. 
The only activity noted during 1931 was i-il.the vicinity of Asheville, N. C, 
where the deficiency in rainfall continued to be somewhat greater than in- 
surrounding noninfested areas.. Near Asheville several spot outbreaks occurred, 
becoming more noticeable in the late summer and fall months." 
PIKE SHOOT MOTHS 
Pine shoot moths ( Bhyacionia spp. ) are causing considerable concern 
in the Northeastern States as serious pests to cultivated conifers, particu- 
larly nursery stock,- upon which they are destructive to the terminals. 
Reports of serious damage to Scotch pine ( Pinus montana ), red pine ( Pinus - 
rubra ), mugho pine ( Pinus montana mughus ) , Austrian pine' (P. nigra ), and 
other species of pine nursery stock in Pennsylvania by- 33£g%ccionia buoliana 
Schiff., and in the vicinity of New Haven, Conn., and the Metropolitan 
district of Boston, Mass. , were reported. Bhyacionia frustrana Scudd. 
appeared in large numbers in a plantation of pitch pine . (P. rigida ) during 
August at Cheney, Pa., and also occasioned considerable injury to young 
"spruce pine" (Tsuga canadensis ) at Laurel, Miss. A new species of pine 
shoot moth ( Eucosma gloriola) described by Helnrich (proceedings Ent. 
Soc. Washington, Vol. 23, No. 8, page 196, Nov. 23, 1931) was found to be 
quite generally abundant last year in the lateral shoots of white pine 
(P. strobus ) at North Stamford, Qonn. During this year it was sufficiently 
numerous at some places to cause an appreciable amount of injury. The moths 
from the type material emerged during the early part of May of this year from 
larvae collected during early July, 1930, by Dr. E. P. Pelt. 
SPRUCE BUDWOEM 
The first adults of the spruce budworm ( Harmologa fumiferana Clem. ) 
of taig Vy ear t7r;e.Ee r observe cL'a't Eargo, N. Dak., on June. 17. This insect 
defoliated large areas of balsam fir and several species of pine in Wisconsin 
and North Dakota. During early July, in Wisconsin, areas in some cases 
covering an entire township had practically every tree completely defoliated. 
An outbreak of this insect was first recorded in the Cody Canyon, Shoshone 
National Eorest, of Wyoming in 1926, 'and since that time has spread over a 
tremendous acreage and destroyed large areas of Douglas fir; this outbreak 
decreased- somewhat in severity during 1931.' Another outbreak in the Ochoco 
