56 
of the Sound, who are known as “Oen;” they also differ somewhat 
in language. The latter race, being the most powerful, have practic- 
ally exterminated the smaller race on all the islands which they 
could reach by means of their rafts, and only a few individuals now 
remain, and they live mostly at Sunday Island, which became a 
place of refuge through it being more remote from the eastern 
shore. The adult population is at present 112, including about 30 
children; the males and females are about equal in number, but 
they are not increasing. The general height of the men is 5ft. 8in. 
and weight lOst. 51b. 
Plates II.-IY. represent one of the islanders called “Cockroach,” 
about 22 years of age, 5ft. 5in. in height, and list, weight. He is 
decorated with feathers of the white cockatoo, and wears the 
novitiate’s head band, “joodoor,” (Plate V., Fig. A) with 
three or four bones vertically on the forehead, and wears 
suspended from the waist belt, a pearl shell ornament be- 
fore and behind; he was in the final degree of initiation, 
called “algor a” ; his chest is ornamented with cicatrices com- 
posed of horizontal cuts, the edges of which had been pinched 
up while healing, so as to form permanent ridges of flesh. These 
apparently constitute the tribal design. The back of the body is 
not marked. Generally speaking, the upper parts of the body 
throughout the tribe are well developed, more so than among the 
inland tribes, probably through their use of the muscles of those 
parts when paddling their rafts which remind one of the “cater- 
marans” of India. 
The head dress of a fully initiated man is called “jualul.” 
(Plate V., Fig. B.) It consists of a conical arrangement 
of the hair, with grass stiffening; it is bound round at 
intervals of about 1% inches, the cone is about 9 inches 
in length, and projects slightly backward; this head dress 
is never worn by the women. The head ornament (Plate V., Fig. C) 
shown between the heads is used by the men at corroborees, and is 
made of two cross sticks with hair strings wound round them as 
shown, with tufts of feathers; they vary slightly in design; similar 
ornaments are used by most of the tribes in the State. 
The large pearl shells that are worn at the waist belts are 
ornamented on their bright inner side with incised patterns. Plate 
VI., Fig. 1, represents one from Sunday Island. Figs. 2-4 are others 
from the Carnarvon (or Gascoyne River) district tribes, nearly 
1,000 miles coastwise to the southward. These show a general re- 
semblance of pattern, but these shells were probably conveyed there 
by barter, as the pearl shells found there belong to a different 
species and are only half the size of the northern kind. 
The spear, or “errol,” is the principal weapon; it is plain 
pointed, being without barbs, and the islanders are very skilful 
with it, spearing fish and turtle in the waters with great precision, 
