57 
allowance being made for the refraction of objects in the water. 
The wood of the spears is obtained on the island ; it is a species of 
wattle, which is called “ ling-middi. ’ ’ The spears are thrown by 
the hand without the use of the “womera” or “yangal ” 
A broad and flat “kylie” is used, having a more acute angle 
of bend, and with straighten arms than usual, and fish are killed 
by means of these kylies when near the surface of the water. The 
islanders have discovered that kylies made out of thin iron, such 
as ships’ tanks, are the most serviceable, and they show great 
dexterity in making them (see Fig. 6). The one represented is I 6 V 2 
inches wide between the extremities, 3% inches wide at the elbow; 
the inner and outer edges have a curvature of 3% and 6% inches 
from a line between the extremities. Fig. 5 is a fish kylie of wood, 
from Swan Point, on the mainland, west of Sunday Island; it is 
2ft. (pin. long, and 4y 2 in. wide at the elbow, and the inner and 
outer edges have a curvature of 5%in. and lOin. Those used at 
Sunday Island are similar in shape, but smaller in size. Fig. 7 
represents an ordinary kylie of Sunday Island ; it is broad, but thin. 
Fig. 8 represents a war kylie from Mount Marmion, about 50 miles 
east of Derby, and is similar to those used at Sunday Island. None 
of these forms are returning kylies. The war kylies are too thick 
and straight to s-oar in the air, and none of them have the twist 
peculiar to returning kylies. 
Plate VII. shows part of the main aboriginal camp, the “mias” or 
huts are circular, and are partly dug-outs, the superstructure is 
dome shaped, composed of sticks and boughs and thatched with 
grass, the inside diameter is about six feet, and inside height from 
floor to roof about four and a-half feet. 
The rafts are similar to those in use along the coast and con- 
sist of one or two series of poles, about five inches diameter, taper- 
ing to two inches, and nine to eleven feet long, of mangrove pine, the 
scientific name of which could not be ascertained. It is called 
“ choolboor , ’ 9 and is a very light, pithy kind of wood; a cone- 
shaped point is given to the thick end of each pole. Each set com- 
prises usually 5 to 7 poles, the thin ends being laid side by side, 
they are then pegged together by flat pegs of a hardwood. When 
one set only is used, the paddler sits near the smaller end, with the 
thick ends forward. When two sets are used, one is built upon 
another, with the ends reversed, and they are pegged vertically 
together; this double decked raft is, however, a luxury, for they 
have to go to the mainland or across the Sound for the wood, the 
islands having a very poor supply of timber. A receptacle for any 
turtle or fish that may be speared or caught, is made at the forward 
end, by a few upright pegs. The paddle used is a single-bladed 
paddle, in length five feet, which includes the blade, two feet long, 
and five inches wide, with a rounded tip ; the paddler makes strokes 
on either side alternately. 
