No rock markings or carvings have been noticed on the island, 
the rocks are unsuited for them. 
The islanders do not seem to have any knowledge of smoke 
signalling of any sort, nor gesture language, nor of masonic signs. 
Cannibalism appears not to be known among them. 
The islanders ’ food consists largely of fish, turtle, and sea fowl 
eggs; they have several edible roots also, of which the yam called 
“coolngarrie,” “carringum,” and “errelm” is the principal; these 
are cooked among hot stones, they do not boil their food. There 
are a number of native fruits, of which the following are the 
principal kinds : — - 
“UJara,” a large tree, 20-30 feet high, with silver grey bark 
and glossy leaves and a round fruit, resembling apples in appear- 
ance, but with one large stone inside. 
u Carroll / 9 or “Koroll,” a small shrub, 5-8 feet high, with 
a green fruit, about %in. long, with a seed about half that length. 
The root is edible and is called “Woolnga;” it is baked in the fire 
until tender. 
“Murdoor” is a large shrub with broad leaves and fruit that 
grows in clusters; it is pear-shaped, but with the stalk at the large 
end. 
“Koorie ” is the wild fig, and ‘‘Aibay” is another kind of fig. 
“Ngoorarra” is a small “yam,” having a yellow flower on top, 
the root is shaped somewhat like a parsnip. 
“Ngoor-ngoorloo” is the seed of the white mangrove “R-anja.” 
Though not really a fig, it has fruit somewhat similar. 
“Coolay” has luxuriant foliage, the fruit is nearly as large as 
a “passion fruit,” and has a green hard skin, and the juicy centre is 
squeezed out. 
“Joongena” is a shrub 12 to 15 feet high, with small leaves 
and an abundance of red fruit, plum-like in shape. 
Fire is made by whirling a piece of wood, called “Ngulangun- 
gil, M held upright between the palms of the hands, while pressed 
upon another piece held on the ground by the feet. 
Aboriginal remedies for wounds, sickness or fever, include 
eucalyptus leaves ground into a paste, for pains; they have also 
massage for acute pains. 
The ceremonies of initiation are always held about the begin- 
ning of March, and are participated in by both men and women and 
children to a large extent. The principal ceremony begins with a 
series of circular dances or corroborees which take place every 
night for about a week previous to the operation of circumcision, 
and it is a time of great rejoicing. At the end of this time, the 
boy to be initiated is taken away by the men and circumcised, and, 
in the company of half-a-dozen young men, he keeps away from the 
camp for ten days; these companions are older than himself and 
they all camp together at some remote spot till that period is com- 
