Nov., 1909.] 
The Gymnosperms of Ohio. 
i r 
1. Pinus strobus L. White Pine. A large tree with nearly 
smooth bark, except when old; branches horizontal, in whorls. 
Often forming dense forests. Wood soft and straight-grained. 
One of the most valuable timber trees in the world. Northeast- 
ern part of Ohio to Erie County. 
2. Pinus virginiana Mill. Scrub Pine. A slender, usually 
small tree with spreading or drooping branches; the old bark 
flak} r and dark-colored. Wood very resinous, soft and durable, 
but of poor quality. In sandv soil. From Fairfield County 
southward. 
3. Pinus echinata Mill. Yellow Pine. A large tree with 
spreading branches; leaves sometimes in 3’s. Wood rather 
hard and very valuable ; much used as lumber. Produces shoots 
from stumps. In sandy soil. Probably accidental in Ohio; 
Auglaize County. 
4. Pinus rigida Mill. Pitch Pine. A tree with spreading 
branches, the old bark rough and furrowed, flaky in strips. 
Sprouts readily from the stump if cut down or burned. Wood 
rather hard and brittle and full of resin; used for fuel, charcoal 
and coarse lumber. A source of turpentine to a limited extent. 
In dry sandy or rocky soil. Scioto, Jackson and Fairfield 
Counties. 
Larix Adans. Larch. 
Tall pyramidal trees with horizontal or ascending branches 
and with clusters of narrowlv linear, deciduous leaves on thick 
wart-like dwarf branches. Carpellate cones woodv, with numer- 
ous carpels, 
1. Larix laricina (DuR.) Koch. Tamarack. A slender tree 
with close or at length scaly bark. Wood hard, durable and very 
strong. Carpellate cones reddish purple when young. In bogs, 
swamps, and about the margins of lakes. Northern third of 
the state. 
Tsuga Carr. Hemlock. 
Evergreen trees with slender horizontal or drooping branches. 
Leaves flat, narrowly linear, spreading more or less into 2 ranks. 
Leaf scars on short sterigmata. Carpellate cones pendulous. 
1. Tsuga canadensis (L.) Carr. Hemlock. A tall tree with 
slender, horizontal or drooping branches, the old bark flaky in 
scales. Wood very coarse. Self-prunes twigs. Eastern half of 
Ohio, and occasional toward the west. 
Juniperaceae. Juniper Familv. 
Leaf-buds naked; carpels of the cone few, opposite; stamens 
with 3-8 microsporangia. 
Thuja L. Arborvitae. 
Evergreen trees or shrubs with flattened fan-like twigs. Car- 
pellate cones ovoid or oblong with dry coriaceous scales, not 
peltate. 
