2 
The Ohio Naturalist. 
[Vol. X, No. 1 
the bottom, where a corresponding cut is made; then working from the 
bottom cut, the wood fiber is raised and as the piece was cut free to start 
with at the top, it is already detached when the piece is tom loose to the 
top cut. Then another cut is made at the top; then at the bottom, and 
so on till the insect reaches in as far as it can conveniently. It then 
moves to either side of this cut, eats off another strip of bark and goes to 
work on the wood as before.” 
In this study my observations are confined to the following 
trees: Elm, Hickory, Linden, Honey Locust and Persimmon. 
Manner of Girdling; The Elm branches were girdled as 
shown in Figure 2. The diameter of the girdled branches varies 
from one-fourth to one-half inch, and the depth of the grooves 
varies from one-tenth to one-eighth inch. These measurements 
hold good for the Hickory, the Persimmon, and the Honey 
Locust also. In all instances observed on the elm the branches 
were completely girdled and all in the same manner. Attacks 
on this tree were not numerous. 
Figure 3 shows the manner of girdling the Hickory. The 
grooves were cut in the same way as on the Elm tree branches. 
Attacks on this tree were a little more numerous than on the 
Elm. Eight months after they were girdled these branches 
(Fig. 3) had not broken off the tree. I found a few branches 
in their natural position on the tree twenty months after they 
had been girdled. 
The Linden suffered more than either of the above trees. 
Figure 4 shows that these branches are not girdled, they are cut 
off. For a short time in the fall they can be seen hanging by the 
small thread of bark which is left (Fig. 5). They soon break off 
and fall to the ground, almost with the first wind. On a small 
tree about twenty-five feet high I counted twenty-four branches 
cut off as shown in Figure 5. In every instance observed the 
Linden branches were cut off and not girdled. 
The Honev Locust was gridled in the same manner as the 
Elm and the Hickory, and suffered more than all the other trees 
combined. On one field trip the girdled branches on the first 
twenty Honey Locust trees were counted. The trees were taken 
as they were found. No sorting was done. The result of the 
count is given below; 
Number of Number of Number of Number of 
Tree. 
1 
2 
3 
4 
5 
branches girdled. 
18 
v 10 
10 
Tree. 
11 
12 
13 
14 
15 
Branches girdled. 
18 
24 
8 
4 
6 
6 
19 
16 
15 
7 
10 
17 
18 
8 
12 
18 
5 
9 
6 
19 
21 
10 
3 
20 
11 
