The Ohio Naturalist. 
[Vol. X, No. 5, 
98 
A typical section for this region may be found about f of a 
mile below. Beside the residence of Amanda Stallman a deep 
ravine exposes the four lower limestones. Well up the hillside 
the Putnam Hill is found with a thickness of feet resting upon 
coal partially exposed. Forty-four feet below its top occurs 
the Howenstein 1 foot, 9 inches thick tougher and much bluer 
than the Putnam Hill. Twenty-one feet, 6 inches below the 
top of the Howenstein lies the Upper Mercer in the run bed beside 
the Stallman residence. It appears to be double here. The 
upper half is 2 feet, 9 inches in thickness, lies 2 feet above the 
lower half, is bluish in color, quite tough and in several layers. 
The character of the two feet between the halves was not seen. 
'The lower half is two feet eight inches thick and in three layers. 
The bottom of the lower half lies 6 feet above water in the Nimi- 
shillen. About 4 feet below water surface lies the Lower Mercer 
in the creek bed. It is clear therefore that the tAvo divisions just 
given is not a close approach of the two Mercer limestones but 
a split of one of them. Nowhere else was this character found, 
but it is suggested in the expression of the two layers as noted at 
Howenstein. It is possible that the limestone seen near creek 
level opposite the North Industry depot is this upper half of the 
Upper Mercer. The Lower Mercer in the creek bed is said to be 
about 1 foot thick and lies 174 feet below the top of the Upper 
Mercer. A little below, this limestone is seen at the ripple near 
the highway bridge. 
A short distance below the .Stallman ravine and on the oppo- 
site side a deep ravine joins the gorge at the mouth of which is 
the tipple of The Nimishillen Coal Company. The mine is a few 
hundred yards up the ravine and is opened in the coal beneath 
the Putnam Hill limestone. The coal lies in two benches two 
feet each with a conspicuous 3 inch shale parting as seen at the 
lower opening. The limestone is massive, tough, and having a 
bluish tint where freshly quarried. Two layers are presented 
here, the lower one 1 foot, 2 inches, and the upper one 2 feet, 
8 inches in thickness. Crinoid stems and brachiopods comprise 
the fossils obser\md. The company has been quarrying the 
limestone recently and crushing it for macadamizing. At the 
upper opening the limestone and coal present the same characters 
except the lower bench of coal has thickened to two feet nine 
inches. 
The section begun in the Stallman ravine may be completed 
here. At the point where the Putnam Hill becomes the ravine 
floor and on the left hand the steep slope presents every foot of 
the strata up to a point considerably above the horizon of the 
Vanport limestone. No definite bed distinctly limestone is found 
here. But at 37 feet above the Putnam Hill irregular concretion- 
