Mar., 1910.] 
Pennsylvanian Limestones. 
99 
ary masses of 3 to 8 inches thickness and much iron stained 
respond promptly to acid. These are imbedded in the dark gray 
sandy shale and would never be noticed were one not looking 
sharply for the vestiges of limestone. 
Canton. From North Industry up the valley the Putnam 
Hill is exposed at different places, but the next good exposure 
occurs at the Imperial Brick Plant in southwest Canton where 
the shale above and the fireclay beneath this limestone are used 
in brickmaking. Here the Putnam Hill is 2 feet, 9 inches thick 
and underlain by 18 inches of coal. 
As nearly as can be determined from a topographic map its 
elevation is 1075 feet above sea. The hill is high enough to carry 
the Vanport but it was not seen, arenaceous shale occupying its 
horizon. 
The brick plant is located on the roadway leading to Navarre 
and just above the bridge crossing a small creek near the brick 
plant the Howenstein limestone is exposed in the creek bank 
5 feet above the stream level. It lies 50 feet below the top of 
the Putnam Hill or at 1025, is bluer than the upper limestone, 
and is 1 foot thick. One to four inches of yellow clay and 4 
inches of coal beneath the clay directly underlie the limestone. 
In his report on Stark County Dr. Newberry constantly refers 
to the limestone below the Putnam Hill as the “lower limestone ” 
and in reference to certain borings in the vicinity of Canton states 
that they were begun at about the horizon of the “lower lime- 
stone’’ which he reports is visible in places. These borings ap- 
pear to have been in the vicinity of the above outcrops of lime- 
stone, and it seems quite certain that his “lower limestone’’ is 
the Howenstein. In the well section given it is 1 foot, 2 inches 
thick. [Ohio Geol. Sur. Vol. Ill, p. 159 ] This is quite in accord 
with the Howenstein as seen near the brick plant. Another 
stratum of interest, however, appears in the above well section. 
Twenty-two feet below the top of the above 14 inch limestone 
is recorded a “Hard Blue Rock’’ 2 feet and 1 inch thick. The 
driller does not seem to have known just what to call it, and Dr. 
Newberry does not seem to have suspected it of being another 
limestone, which it certainly is. At Howenstein the same inter- 
val is 22 feet 7 inches, in the Stallman ravine 21 feet, 6 inches. 
From these facts the identity of these limestones as found in 
southwest Canton appears to be unquestionable. The “lower 
limestone ” of Newberry, therefore, is the Howenstein, the “ Hard 
Blue Rock” is the Upper Mercer, and the Lower Mercer absent 
being replaced by shale and sandstone. 
In northwest Canton in the sides of a ravine which enters 
the West Lawn Cemetery from the west, limestone occurs at 
about 1090 feet above sea, as nearly as could be determined 
