Mar., 1910.] 
Pennsylvanian Limestones. 
io 5 
giving the alternation of material noted. The stratum is quite 
fossiliferous containing brachipods, lamellibranchs, gastropods, 
and crinoid stems. 
The next section to be considered is the test well drilled by the 
City just off West State. 
The elevation of the well head is 1244 feet above the sea, and 
the Middle Kittanning coal was penetrated at 1140 and 2 feet 
thick. The Lower Kittanning is wanting and a 15-foot limestone 
is reported at its horizon the top of which lies at 1103 feet above 
sea. No limestone is known to the writer to occur at this horizon, 
and nothing further is known of the presence of such stratum 
than the bare name and thickness indicated in the City Engineer’s 
section prepared from the data given by the driller. The driller’s 
interpretation of this part of the section may be questioned with 
reason. It is much more likely a shale with possibly some cal- 
careous matter in it. This horizon has been penetrated in many 
places in the lower part of the city as well as other drillings in the 
upper part of town not far from this well, and limestone is not 
mentioned at this horizon. 
Where the level of the Vanport occurs white shale is indicated 
as present. At 1032 an 8 foot stratum was struck which the 
driller designated “Bastard Limestone.’’ This is certainly the 
Putnam Hill Limestone with an interval of 49 feet between its 
top and that of the Vanport. The same interval at the Cement 
Plant is 37 feet and the difference is not too great to be accounted 
for by undulation, besides the Vanport is seen to lie unusually 
close to the Lower Kittanning coal. The interval at Howenstein 
between the top of the Putnam Hill limestone and that of the 
Middle Kittanning coal is 109 feet. In this well section it is 
108 feet. It would seem that the identity of this limestone is 
evident. The thickness given is in harmony with that at the 
Cement Plant. 
At 1008 feet above sea another limestone is recorded with a 
thickness of 9 feet. This is doubtless the Howenstein but with 
an indicated thickness greater than found in any outcrop. The 
interval is only about half that along the Nimishillen and appar- 
ently too great to be accounted for by undulation. It would seem 
to require a thinning of intervening strata. 
In this well the horizon of the Mercer limestones is occupied by 
shale but in the next well to be noted they are both present, and 
for the sake of clearness, they are noted in this connection. The 
Upper Mercer lies at 966 above sea and reported to be 8 feet thick. 
This gives an interval of 42 feet between it and the Howenstein 
which is about as much greater than this same interval at Howen- 
stein, as the interval here between the Putnam Hill and the 
Howenstein limestone is smaller than that same interval near 
