io8 
The Ohio Naturalist. 
[Vol. X, No. 5, 
miles apart. This shows a rise of 2 feet per mile, and if the Van- 
port were present in the shaft it would lie at about 1123 above 
sea. This puts the coal 28 feet below the Vanport horizon 
which is reasonably near the proper horizon for the coal beneath 
the Putnam Hill limestone. Furthermore no other coal between 
the Sharon and the Lower Kittanning is known to reach any such 
thickness or present a conspicuous parting in the middle. It 
may be confidently concluded that this is the coal of the Putnam 
Hill limestone with that stratum absent. 
Deer Creek at Limaville lies at about 1040 above sea, low 
enough to expose one or two of the lower limestones but none 
were seen. 
Dip of Strata in Eastern Stark County. 
With the several elevations now at hand dip of the strata in 
the eastern half of Stark County may be still further noted. 
With the Vanport at 1086 at Howenstein, 1081 at Alliance, and 
1180 at the Diamond Cement Plant, it appears that the strata 
lie almost horizontally from Howenstein to Alliance, but if the 
sum of the elevations of the five limestones at the two places be 
compared they will be seen to be 5034 and 5032 respectively 
which indicates almost a perfect level. A line drawn through the 
Cement Plant outcrop at right angles to the Allianee-Howenstein 
line gives the direction of maximum dip for this area. It is south 
about 45 degrees east and 14 feet per mile. 
From the Cement Plant to the Ellett farm it is 10 miles with 
a fall of 99 feet and a little north of east. The Middle Kittanning 
coal at Howenstein lies at 1160; 12 miles slightly north of east 
near Myers Station it lies at 1130, or 30 feet fall. It is at once 
seen that these two lines of fall do not lie in the same plane, 
therefore a disturbance in the dip. In the absence of more data 
it can not be definitely stated what the cause is, but the writer 
offers the following tentative explanation. Entering Stark 
County from the southwest a low fold extends in a northeasterly 
direction the crest of which lies a little west of Canton and per- 
haps not far from Middle Branch. Parallel to this fold another is 
thought to extend through western Columbiana and central 
Mahoning counties. It is thought that Alliance lies near the 
bottom of the intervening trough or on the syncline, that Howen- 
stein is situated west of the syncline and Myers Station east of it. 
The horizontal position of the strata at Alliance and the fact that 
there is less than 1 foot fall to the mile toward the south from that 
city inclines the writer to think that in going toward Myers Sta- 
tion the west slope of the anticline is gradually ascended and thus 
accounts for the slight dip in that direction. The line from 
Middle Branch to Howenstein is nearly parallel to the direction 
given above and it will be remembered that the dip here is 7 
