Mar., 1910.] 
Pennsylvanian Limestones. 
JI 3 
section without allowance for dip. Three of the five limestones 
are so far accounted for at elevations as follows: 1015, 1043, 
and 1069 above sea. Those at Best’s Station are to be added, 
but being 2 miles away dip must be considered. The nearest 
point for comparison of elevations of all five limestones is at 
Alliance. The outcrops at Best’s Station are about 4 4 miles 
from Alliance and those about North Benton about 7 miles, 
except the Howenstein outcrop which is about 64. Comparing 
the elevations of the lower three at the two places, they are as 
follows : 
Alliance North Benton Difference 
Howenstein 1008 1069 61 
Upper Mercer 966 1043 77 
Lower Mercer 945 1015 70 
It appears at once that there is a dip toward Alliance from 
North Benton whatever it may be in any other direction. For 
the Mercer limestones it is 10 and 11 feet per mile, for the How- 
enstein a little over 9 feet per mile. It will be remembered, how- 
ever, that the latter stratum lies relatively higher at Alliance 
than in the Nimishillen valley. Comparing the upper two 
limestones likewise they appear as follows: 
Alliance Best's Difference 
Vanport 1081 1101 20 
Putnam Hill 1032 1084 52 
The first difference is not what would be expected from the 
dip found in the first three limestones, but the second corresponds 
very well giving a dip of about 114 feet per mile. The Vanport 
clearly lies considerably lower relatively than at ony other place 
found, and its dip of less than 5 feet per mile is not representative 
of the general dip of the strata. Therefore in combining the out- 
crops at Best’s and Benton a general dip of about 11 feet per 
mile must be used in adjusting the interval between the Howen- 
stein and Putnam Hill limestones, and combining the outcrops 
for a section at North Benton the following elevations represent 
the horizons of the several limestones: 
Vanport 1125 
Putnam Hill 1106 
Howenstein 1069 
Upper Mercer 1043 
Lower Mercer 1015 
It will be observed at once that the elevation of 1125 for the 
Vanport does not conform to the 11 foot dip, but it is quite prob- 
able that it lies at about 1125 at this point since it lies only 17 
feet above the Putnam Hill at Best’s Station, which strongly 
suggests a thinning of intermediate strata in this region. It is 
true that the interval between the Lower Mercer and the Van- 
port would thus be only 110 feet, while the same interval at 
