The Ohio Naturalist. 
[Vol. X, No. 5, 
114 
Howenstein is 147 feet, at Alliance 136 feet, in central Mahoning 
County 122 feet, and at Lowellville 133 feet. 
Probably the most striking fact is the rise in the strata 
toward Benton since this is in line with Howenstein and Alliance. 
But as before the writer accounts for this occurrence in part on 
the ground that an anticline lies to the east of Alliance and in 
going from this place to North Benton the northwest slope of the 
anticline is ascended. 
MEANDER CREEK AND TRIBUTARIES. 
This stream and its tributaries arise in the central part of 
Mahoning County and furnish the next good exposures of 
limestone. 
Ellsworth. A half mile south of the village of Ellsworth and 
just below the fall at Club Lake in the bed of the west branch of 
Meander Creek the Lower Mercer occurs at 1023 feet above sea, 
is 3 feet thick and possesses its usual characters. In the south 
bank of this stream near the highway bridge an opening has been 
made into the coal belonging beneath this limestone. The coal 
was not seen but lies at about 1018. About j mile below the 
highway bridge a 9-inch coal is exposed in a cliff with sandstone 
above it and lying at 1003 feet above sea. This is certainly the 
same coal seen on Little Mill Creek and on the Mahoning River. 
The elevation and interval between the coals are almost identical 
although the two localities are about 8 miles apart. 
A few hundred yards below the above cliff on the south 
side of the creek occur conspicuous clay banks rich in beautiful 
crystals of selenite which have given the obscure village of 
Ellsworth a place of prominence with geologists and museums 
far and wide. The clay is a gray talcose glacial deposit. 
At the Club Lake fall 14 feet above the limestone thin streaks 
of coal occur at the base of a massive sandstone. It is clearly the 
Upper Mercer coal but with its limestone displaced by the mas- 
sive, coarse grained sandstone which contains numerous impres- 
sions of lepidodendrids, sigillarids, and calamities. The cur- 
rents that prevented the formation of the limestone swept 
down the coal plants and entombed them in sand. No better 
display of fossil plants in sandstone is known to the writer than 
occurs in this stratum. 
The bluish gray shale beneath the sandstone contains great 
numbers of beautifully preserved fern leaves and other plants. 
Diehl Creek. At a point about 2 miles east and slightly south 
of Club Lake on Diehl Creek, a tributary of the middle branch of 
Meander, the Lower Mercer is again seen in the sides and bed of 
the creek and presenting the same appearance as seen on Little 
Mill Creek, but with less undulation. The stratum lies at 1024 
feet above sea, is 2 feet 5 inches thick and in two layers, the 
