T I 6 
The Ohio Naturalist. 
[Vol. X, No. 5, 
southeast of the Unger barn. The stratum is black and IS 
inches thick lying at 1082 above sea. This exposure is about 
If miles south, and 2j miles east of the Bingham outcrop, and 
lies 10 feet higher. As noted in the Lower outcrop there is no 
evidence of dip in this locality toward the south or south-east so 
far as the writer has found. A few hundred yards above the 
Unger outcrop and directly in the southwest corner of Canfield 
Township on the Ewing farm a bed of coal lies at 1115 feet above 
sea and a few feet beneath this a second bed. The top of the 
upper bed is 33 feet above the Unger limestone, and the bottom 
of the 13 foot black shale on the Bingham farm lies 24 feet higher 
than the Bingham limestone or the top of the shale 37 feet 
higher. Above the limestone at both places there is sandstone; 
above the black shale on the Bingham farm and above the coal 
on the Ewing farm sandstone occurs. With no evidence of dip 
and with close correspondence of the strata in elevations and 
character, the conclusion that the limestone at Unger’s is the 
Howenstein and that the Ewing coals are the equivalent of the 
black shale at Bingham’s is inevitable. The coal on the Ewing 
farm was identified by Dr. Orton as the Canfield cannel coal, and 
the fragments of limestone found at the opening of the Ewing 
mine as the ferriferous limestone. [Ohio Geol. Sur. Vol. V, p. 31.] 
He further indicates that the dip is 15 or 20 per mile toward the 
southeast in this locality. Upon what is it based is not stated. 
The writer finds only evidence of little or no dip at all, and is 
unable to regard the Ewing coal other than that beneath the 
Putnam Hill limestone, and that the fragments of limestone 
found by Dr. Orton belong to that stratum. A comparison of 
the limestones, coals, and their elevations on the east side of 
Canfield Township with those at Lowellville leads to no other 
conclusion than that the Canfield Cannel Coal is the coal beneath 
the Vanport limestone as Dr. Orton identified it. The following 
are the elevations of the limestones on Meander Creek and those 
on the east side of Canfield Township: 
This table is the writer’s interpretation of his findings based 
upon the number of strata, their elevations and their intervals. 
(1), (2), and (3) correspond well. (4) on the east side of Canfield 
clearly lies lower than usual but unmistakable. 
The Ewing coal certainly appears to mark the Putnam Hill 
horizon in the southwest corner of Canfield Township. 
Meander Creek 
Canfield Township 
(5) 
(4) Ewing Coal 1115 
(3) Howenstein 1082 
(2) Upper Mercer 1040 
(1) Lower Mercer 1024 
(5) Canfield Cannel Coal 1151 
(4) Fireclay 1101 
(3) Howenstein 1078 
(2) Upper Mercer 1050 
(1) Lower Mercer 1029 
