I 20 
The Ohio Naturalist. 
[Vol. X, No. 5, 
35 feet, middle and upper 39 feet. These are without doubt the 
same three limestones noted above. By boring the interval 
between the upper and lower is 74 feet; as observed in outcrop 
66 feet not counting 4 or 5 feet for dip. Furthermore, only the 
hilltops on the south side of Youngstown Township reach an 
elevation of 110U feet, and Greenhouse hill is one of them with 
the Howenstein at 1076 and near its top. Dr. Orton regarded 
this upper limestone as the Putnam Hill. [Ohio Geol. Sur. Vol. 
V, pp. 29-30.] But a comparison of the various sections unmis- 
takably indicates that it is the Howenstein. The several other 
occurrences of limestone at various elevations as given above indi- 
cate that pronounced undulation exists in this locality in the 
lower limestones. 
Indian Creek Outcrops. This stream is a tributary of Mill 
Creek and has cut a deep course in the southeast quarter of Can- 
field Township exposing coals and limestones. 
On the Jonas Christman farm in the bed of Indian Creek at a 
point 5 mile west of the township line the Upper Mercer lies at 
1039 feet above sea, is over 2 feet thick, and rests upon 14 to 18 
inches of good coal. The limestone was formerly quarried and 
burned with the coal. On the same farm and on the south side 
of the creek a bed of coal was formerly mined which carries lenti- 
cular masses of limestone lying at 1064 above sea. These lenses 
are often beautiful septaria 12 to 18 inches in diameter and quite 
fossiliferous. The septarian character is well shown in a ravine 
on the north side of the creek several hundred yards above the 
outcrop in the creek bed. The coal underlying the limestone 
lenses is 18 to 24 inches thick and was formerly mined on the 
William Swanston farm. Seventy-three feet above the lenses 
lies the Canfield Cannel Coal at about 1139 above sea. 
Dr. Orton identified these limestones and coals as the Lower 
and Upper Mercer and gave an interval of 85 feet between the 
coal under the limestone lenses and the cannel seam. Undulation 
will easily account for difference in interval, but the lenses are 
certainly the Howenstein limestone as will appear a little later. 
On the Canfield-Boardman road in the Heintzelman hill J 
mile west of the Canfield-Boardman line a bed of fireclay occurs 
at 1072. About 300 yards northwest of this point a mine has 
been opened in an IS inch coal which carries limestone lenses 
lying at 1078 above sea. This is beyond question the same 
horizon noted on Indian Creek 1 mile south. 
Neff Run Outcrop. About 300 yards northwest of this mine 
in a ravine on Neff Run, a tributary of Indian Creek, a 2-foot 
limestone occurs on the Martin Neff farm and rests directly upon 
a 20-inch coal. This limestone lies at about 1050 above sea. 
Recently Mr. Neff explored for the Sharon coal and in a drill hole 
close beside the run and below the horizon of the'above limestone 
