Mar., 1910.] 
Pennsylvanian Limestones. 
1 2 I 
penetrated 61 feet of drift. A little north of the run and above 
the limestone two limestones were penetrated. The upper one 
21 feet thick with 16 inches of coal directly beneath it, the lower 
one 3 feet thick and no coal beneath, and 21 feet between tops 
of the limestones. These facts are perfectly clear. The lenticu- 
lar limestone is the Howenstein ; the outcrop in the ravine at 1050, 
and the upper one in the drill hole, is the Upper Mercer; the 3-foot 
limestone in the drill hole is the Lower Mercer. 
The three limestones on the east side of Canfield Township 
are in harmony with the section on Meander Creek 5 miles to the 
west; they agree perfectly with the section on Yellow Creek 54 
miles to the east ; they are in entire accord with the findings in 
the vicinity of Youngstown 4 miles northeast ; and they answer 
closely to the facts found on McMahon Run and at Smith Corners 
4 or 5 miles northwest. 
The section on Neff Run with the Lower Mercer at 1029, the 
Upper Mercer at 1050, and the Howenstein at 1078 combined 
with the measurement between the Howenstein and the cannel 
coal as found on Indian Creek gives the entire interval between 
the Lower Mercer and the Vanport horizons a measurement of 
122 feet. The interval of 73 feet between the Howenstein and 
the cannel coal was nowhere found well exposed, but somewhere 
near the middle of it we would expect to find some trace of the 
horizon of the Putnam Hill limestone. No trace was seen in 
outcrop but in a drill hole on the Neff farm a few hundred yards 
north of the old mine in the cannel coal on the William Swanston 
farm a driller reports 8 feet of fireclay 50 feet below the cannel 
coal. The top of this clay certainly marks the Putnam Hill 
horizon. At 119 feet below the cannel coal a 3-foot limestone 
was penetrated which is undoubtedly the Lower Mercer. The 
following section, therefore, indicates the relations of the lime- 
stones or their horizons for the Neff Run locality on the east side 
of Canfield Township: 
Vanport limestone (cannel coal) 1151 
Putnam Hill limestone (fireclay) 1101 
Howenstein limestone (lenses) 1078 
Upper Mercer limestone 1050 
Lower Mercer limestone 1029 
DIP OF STRATA IN CENTRAL MAHONING COUNTY. 
The matter of dip presents some points of interest in central 
Mahoning County. The Lower Mercer dips southeast from Mc- 
Mahon Run to Indian Creek about 22 feet in 54 miles or about 
4 feet per mile. The Howenstein dips more south than east 
between Smith Corners and Indian Creek 26 feet in 44 miles. 
The average dip is therefore seen to be about 5 feet per mile 
in this direction. 
