Mar., 1910.] 
Pennsylvanian Limestones. 
1 2 3 
In a cliff at the head of still water the Lower Mercer is again well 
exposed as a conspicuous middle stratum of 3 feet thickness in 
the cliff face and lying at its top 9 feet above dam level. A 5-inch 
impure cannel coal lies 41 feet below its base. In the second 
ravine south of the spillway the Lower Mercer is again seen and 
lies 4 feet higher than in the above cliff, a mile distant. The dam 
level is about 980 feet above sea. 
The second limestone at Poland outcrops on the south side of 
the village in the creek bank in the rear of the Presbyterian 
church. The stratum is clearly the Upper Mercer and lies at 
1013 above sea. As seen here it rises a few feet above, then sinks 
beneath the level of the Poland Mill Dam. 
Burgess Run Outcrop. One and one-quarter miles south of 
Poland on Burgess Run, a tributary of Yellow Creek, a third lime- 
stone outcrops at 1050 in the run bank near the highway bridge 
and on the farm of D. W. Walker. The stratum is nearly black 
and 2 to 2^ feet in thickness. It is underlain by 18 inches of 
coal 15 inches of which is cannel. The limestone is overlain by 
sandstone as seen above the highway. This is clearly the Howen- 
stein limestone although it lies lower than in the outcrops noted 
on Neff Run, at .Smith Comers and in Greenhouse Hill. But it 
is also noticed that the Mercer limestones lie correspondingly 
lower. 
DIP OF STRATA FROM CENTRAL TO EASTERN MAHONING COUNTY. 
Poland is directly east of the Neff Run outcrops 5j miles and 
a comparison of the elevations of the three strata at once reveals 
a dip toward the east which was not found the case across Can- 
field Township. 
Xeff Run 
Howenstein 1078 
Upper Mercer 1050 
Lower Mercer 1029 
Poland 
Howenstein 1055 
Upper Mercer 1013 
Lower Mercer 990 
The Howenstein is not found at Poland but the dip southeast 
from Greenhouse Hill to Burgess Run is 5 feet per mile, hence 
the horizon of this limestone is about 1055 at Poland. These 
elevations show that the Howenstein dips toward the east slightly 
over 4 feet per mile, the Upper and Lower Mercer 7 feet per mile. 
The elevations at Poland may be compared with one other 
set. The outcrops south of Youngstown and those at Poland lie 
in a line extending northwest and southeast. 
Youngstown Poland 
(Greenhouse Hill) Howenstein 1076 Howenstein 1055 
(Davis Well) Upper Mercer. .. . 1050 Upper Mercer. . . 1013 
(Facodi) Lower Mercer .. . 1010 Lower Mercer. . . 990 
