124 
The Ohio Naturalist. 
[Vol. X, No. 5, 
The distance between the first two points is 4 miles hence the 
Howenstein dips about 5 feet per mile which it is seen to do be- 
tween Greenhouse Hill and Burgess Run. Between the second 
two points the distance is 34 miles and the dip 11 feet per mile. 
This is undoubtedly due to this limestone lying much farther from 
the Lower Mercer at Davis Well than is usual, and therefore not 
representative of the general southeasterly dip of the strata. The 
Howenstein and Lower Mercer may be taken as more correctly 
expressing the general dip. Between the third two points the 
distance is 44 miles with a dip of 44 feet per mile. 
CANFIELD ANTICLINE. 
It will be recalled that in the interpretation of the Alliance 
section that facts seem to point to the existence of a fold lying 
east of that city. The writer believes that the data found in 
Mahoning County fully warrant this conclusion. The fold is a 
broad low one and seems to lie through the center of the county 
with Canfield somewhere near the crest. The horizons of all the 
limestones lie higher in Central Mahoning County than at Alliance 
or Poland. The existence of nearly horizontal strata from west 
to east in Canfield Township, and of marked dip in the same 
direction from the east side of the township toward Poland indi- 
cate such a fold. The fold is sufficiently low that the normal 
dip of the strata toward the southeast from Ellsworth and north- 
western Canfield township is overcome causing the strata to lie 
almost horizontally, or with a slight rise in that direction. The 
unexpected fall in the strata toward the northeast from Xeff Run, 
where a rise would be looked for, indicates a dying out of the fold 
in the vicinity of Youngstown. The rise in the strata from 
Alliance toward North Benton is believed to be due in part to 
ascending diagonally the west slope of this fold. Lastly, south- 
east of Alliance and in northwestern Columbiana County oil is 
found in many Avells. Four miles southeast a good producing 
field is found. Six miles south and 2 miles east in the vicinity 
of Homeworth two other fields are found. Again, 8 miles south- 
east of Alliance a gas field occurs in the vicinity of North George- 
town. The position of these fields shows a general northeast 
and southwest direction. A distance of 4 miles from northwest 
to southeast across this belt of fields conforms exactly to facts 
found in central Mahoning County and the fields are certainly 
associated with the Canfield Anticline. 
Gorge Outcrop. The three limestones already considered on 
this creek are the ones to be expected but another calls for atten- 
tion. It lies below the Upper Massillon sandstone and there- 
fore appears only in the lower part of the Yellow Creek gorge. 
This limestone is seen in the creek bed and in the north wall of 
the gorge about 4 or 5 hundred yards below Yellow Creek Dam, 
