Mar., 1910.] 
Pennsylvanian Limestones. 
!25 
and lies at about 884 feet above sea. It is black, tough, very 
hard, without fossils, somewhat concretionery in appearance, 
and 6 to Id inches in thickness. The limestone lies 6 feet above 
stream level as seen in the cliff and near the middle of a 12-foot 
black and gray shale. Two thin seams of coal are seen above 
the limestone, one at 9£ feet and the other at 15 feet above, and 
seem to hold the horizon of the Quakertown coal. 
The limestone lies 109 feet below the top of the Lower Mercer 
as seen in the ravine south of the spillway. Nearly 80 feet of the 
interval between the two limestones is occupied by the heavy 
sandstone which is very unevenly bedded and in places sinks 
down cutting out the upper coal. 
Further comment on this limestone will be made in connec- 
tion with the Lowellville section. 
LOWELLVILLE SECTION. 
This village is situated in the gorge, or deep narrow valley of 
the Mahoning River 1 mile west of the state line. Water level 
at the Lowellville River Bridge is 807 feet above sea and the 
borders of the gorge reach 1140 feet above or more. In places 
the gorge borders are less than 1 mile apart at 300 feet above the 
river and as would be expected numerous deep ravines trench 
the steep sides of the valley. 
Furnace Run may be taken as typical of these ravines and as 
affording a typical section in the vicinity of Lowellville. This 
ravine lies on the south side of the river and immediately beside 
the highwav leading south from the village. The mouth of the 
ravine is seen at the furnaces of The Ohio Iron and Steel Company. 
Ascending this ravine the Mississippian-Pennsylvanian uncon- 
formity is seen at different places and with hilltops of the dove- 
colored Cuyahoga more than 100 feet above the river. About 
200 yards east of the mouth of this ravine a mine is opened in the 
Sharon coal which lies at 848 feet above sea and lying in a nar- 
row trough between ridges of the Cuyahoga formation. In the 
bed of Furnace Run about half-way between the Pennsylvania 
Railroad and its switch leading to the stone quarry the first 
limestone is found lying at 912 above sea. Further mention of 
this limestone is deferred to the close of the discussion on the 
Lowellville section. At the lower end of the culvert under the 
above switch the Lower Mercer limestone occurs in the ravine 
bed at 995 feet above sea. It is 2 feet 6 inches thick and a dark 
bluish-gray in color. A 2-inch coal occurs 2 feet below it and an 
18-inch bed 13 feet 6 inches below as seen 50 yards below the 
culvert. The 18-inch coal seems to be the same bed found on 
Meander and Little Mill Creeks. The limestone is overlain by 
iron ore. 
