Mar., 1910.] 
Pennsylvanian Limestones. 
121 
north side of the quarry at the mouth of the quarry drain-tunnel 
lies at 1115 above sea with a thickness of 12 feet. The thin coal 
accompanying the limestone, the “Scrubgrass” of Pennsylvania 
and the “Canfield cannel” of Ohio, lies immediately beneath it at 
1103 above sea. In the drain ditch leading to the tunnel and 
1 10 yards distant the same coal lies at 1120^ feet above sea, the 
limestone making an equal rise. This is the greatest elevation at 
which the coal was found. In the highway 150 yards south of 
the northwest corner of the quarry the greatest height of the 
limestone is found at 1138 feet above sea, but the limestone is 16 
feet thick at this point. The average elevation is about 1128 
feet above sea, and the average thickness about 14 feet. 
As seen at the tunnel mouth the lower 8 feet of the limestone 
have a dark blue color and are less pure than the upper part. 
The upper 4 feet are a much lighter blue, purer and lie in better 
defined beds than the lower part. As seen in the southwest cor- 
ner of the quarry the first 3 feet 5 inches of the limestone are 
shaly, blue in color and becoming firmer toward the top. The 
next 4 feet 4 inches are bluish-gray, darker below and lighter 
above, and in 4 fairly definite layers. The upper 8 feet 2 inches 
are gray with a bluish tint below, and in 1 1 fairly definite layers 
but not generally continuous. They often split into more 
layers, are only fairly tough and break into rather cubical blocks. 
This limestone as it occurs at Lowellville is exceedingly fos- 
siliferous and contains more species of fossils than any of the 
other limestones or possibly more than all the others combined. 
It is especially rich in gasteropods. 
At every point where the top of this stratum is exposed it 
shows the smoothing, scratching, and grooving of glacial action. 
This limestone has been quarried for many years for use in the 
furnaces, and at present is being quarried extensively on the 
W. M. Arel farm. 
One-half mile south of the quarry on the T. M. Moore farm 
openings in the Lower Kittanning coal may be seen at 1177 feet 
above sea. Considerable coal was formerly mined for local use 
but the mines have long since been abandoned. The entire 
interval between the top of the limestone and the top of this 
coal is covered. 
The several horizons of limestone occurring below" the Lower 
Kittanning coal down to, and including the Lower Mercer have 
been considered at numerous points across the two counties. 
We may now turn to a consideration of an earlier Pennsylvanian 
limestone than the Lower Mercer, the presence of which has been 
noted at several points. As stated at the beginning of the Low- 
ellville section this limestone is seen in the ravine bed about 
midway between the furnaces and the switch leading to the 
quarry and at its highest point is 912 feet above sea. It lies S3 
