206 
The Ohio Naturalist. 
[Vol. XI, No. 1, 
Seedling trees. 
Acer rubrum. 
Gleditsia triacanthos. 
Quercus palustris. 
Ground cover. 
Cyperus strigosus, small mat plants. Spirodela polyrhyza. 
Riccia fluitans. Brachythecium rivulare. 
Riccia sp. Cladophora sp. 
Phialea scutula on dead Hibiscus stems. 
This zone is 40 feet wide and the ground surface is entirely 
above the water, but so recently exposed that the stranded 
Spirodela and Algae are still green. The Hibiscus roots form 
small hillocks on which the Spirodela and Algae become stranded 
and on which the Riccia is very abundant. The taller herbs form 
a sparse weak growth due to the density of the Hibiscus which 
forms a 7 foot wall difficult to penetrate. The Typha is confined 
to the outer portion of the zone and has here obtained optimum 
conditions of growth, the plants are not copious, but are tall, 
vigorous and fruiting freely. 
II. Swamp-shrub formation. 
6. Cornus society. 
Facies. 
Cornus stolonifera. 
This society consists of nine Cornus stolonifera in the 
section studied and occupies an area 20 feet broad. About 
10 feet to the west is another Cornus stolonifera far down 
into the Hibiscus-Typha zone; and about 40 feet still farther west 
is a group of 15-18 feet tall Cephalanthus occidentalis which 
extends through the Hibiscus zone to the water’s edge. Just east 
of the eastern margin of the transect is another group of Cornus 
with Sambucus canadensis. 
The swamp-shrub formation does not exhibit lateral zonation 
but alternations as it consists of isolated shrub societies of 
which Cornus stolonifera is the principal species in one and 
Cephalanthus occidentalis in another. The associated species 
are grouped closely around the Cornus, most of the herbs form a 
sparse growth in the shade of the shrubs and the Micrampeles and 
Solanum climb over them. 
Secondary species. 
Rosa Carolina. 
Sambucus canadensis. 
Micrampeles lobata. 
Polygonum acre. 
Erechtites hieracifolia. 
Scutellaria lateriflora. 
Mentha canadensis. 
Hibiscus moscheutos. 
Solanum dulcamara. 
Homalocenchrus oryzoides. 
Galium claytoni. 
Carex lupulina. 
Convolvulus sepium. 
Ulmus americana. 
