280 
The Ohio Naturalist. 
[Vol. XI, No. 4, 
Sao Bento series. . . 
(Triassic) 
Passa Dois series 
(Permian) 
.Sandstones, shale and eruptives..900 m. 
| Rocinha limestone. 3 m. 
! Estrada Nova, gray and 
variegated shales with 
I cherty concretions and 
j sandy beds 150 m. 
'223 
m. 
Santa 
Catharina 
System 
I Iraty black shale (contains 
Mesosaurus and Stereo- 
sternum) 70 m.J 
Palermo shales 90 m.) 
Tubarao series 
(Permo-Carboniferous) | 
Rio Bonito shales and 
sandstones (Coal Meas- 
ures and Glossopteris 
flora) 158 m. 
Orleans conglomerate 5 m. 
180 m. 
yellow sandstones 
and shales to granite 
l floor 
27 
m.J 
The lower member of the Carboniferous consists of sandstones 
and shales resting on the granite. Overlying these is the Orleans 
conglomerate which is made up of “boulders of granite, quartzite 
and other hard rocks, some of which are 20 to 25 cm. in diameter” 
imbedded in clay. This conglomeratic character is common 
throughout southern Brazil. At “several localities near Rio 
Negro, 10 kilometers from any outcrop of granite,” it contains 
“granite boulders in vast numbers up to 3 meters in diameter, all 
imbedded in a fine and apparently unstratified gray muddy 
sediment.-” 32 White thinks this deposit corresponds in age to the 
Dwyka conglomerate (Permian) of South Africa, to which it 
bears much resemblance, and that it is of glacial origin. 
The Rio Bonito beds (Coal Measures) consist of partly consoli- 
dated yellowish and grayish white sandstones interbedded with 
gray shales and several beds of coal. The coals of Brazil are all 
poor. In the lower part of the Rio Bonito beds is the Bonito 
coal, locally making up most of the formation. Its thickness 
frequently runs as high as 2.5 and even 3.22 meters and is quite 
persistent in the Minas region, but it contains much shale and 
the coal is of poor quality. 
Above the Bonito coal bed is a horizon containing many plant 
remains, among which the abundant fossils belong to the genera 
Sigillaria and Glossopteris. 33 The only other important coal bed 
32. White, I. C., loc. cit . , p. 51. 
33. White, T. C., loc. cit., p. 79. 
