284 
The Ohio Naturalist. 
[Vol. XI, No. 4, 
intimately united.” 49 (Compare this with the Chico-Tejon of 
northern California.) On the western side of the border of Chili 
and Peru, where the marine deposits of these formations predom- 
inate, only a very small part of the rocks are formed by limestones, 
clay slates, or sandstones. These appear, how r ever, to be “inter- 
laid between stratified masses of porphyritic, melaphyric and 
andesitic material, the entire thickness of which strata reaches 
several thousand meters.” 50 
In the lower Amazon region the Cretaceous (?) rests un con - 
formably on the Carboniferous. The Cretaceous consists of yel- 
low and -white clays with red iron stone and some impure lime- 
stone. The fauna of these beds shows a remarkably Tertiary 
aspect. It consists, for the most part, of Gastropods, Pelecypods, 
some Bryozoans, Corals and Echinoderms, as well as some prob- 
able Reptilian remains. 
The plateau region of southern Para is mostly covered by clay 
shales interstratified with red sandstones. The age of these 
rocks is believed to be middle and older Cretaceous, and perhaps 
in part even Triassic 51 or Permian. 
CENOZOIC. 
Tertiary. The Tertiary deposits of South America occur prin- 
cipally along the coastal margin especially of Brazil, Argentine, 
Chili and Peru. Also in the Amazon basin these beds cover a 
large area, 52 and again in southern Argentine the same is true. 
In eastern Brazil the Tertiary strata consist of slightly con- 
solidated sands and clays which are undisturbed and overlie the 
Cretaceous unconformablv. 53 Fossiliferous Tertiary beds (Upper 
Miocene) occur in the vicinity of Coquimbo, Chili. 54 These 
Chilian Tertiary shell beds, however, are found but sparingly in 
Peru. 55 The Tertiary beds of southern Patagonia vary from 
aeolian, swamp, and lacustrine deposits to sediments carrying a 
marine fauna, and these are often interbedded with each other. 
The maximum thickness is about 1500 feet. 56 Tertiary lava flows 
and intrusions of igneous rock are common throughout the Andes 57 
and are not rare even in Patagonia. 
49. Steinmann, Gustav, loc. cit., p. 859. 
50. Steinmann, Gustav, loc. cit., p. 859. 
51. Katzer, Friedrich, Grundziige der Geologie des unteren Amazonas- 
gebietes, 1903, pp. 131-139. 
52. Berghaus, Physikalischer Atlas, Xo. 14. 
53. Hartt, C. F., Geol. and Phys. Geog. of Brazil, 1870, p. 557. 
54. De Lapparent, A., Traite de Geologie, Vol. Ill, 1906, p. 1621. 
55. Forbes, David, loc. cit., p. 9. 
56. Hatcher, J. B.. Am. Jour. Sci., 4th Ser., Vol. XI, 1900, p. 99. 
57. Forbes, David, loc. cit., p. 12. 
