Feb., 1911.] 
The Blister Rust of White Pine. 
285 
The deposits of borax, saltpetre, etc., in the Atacama desert 
and vicinity are of post-Tertiary age and are thought to have 
been formed by the deposition of the salts, contained in an inclosed 
portion of the sea, as the water evaporated. 
Quaternary. Glacial drift (Pleistocene) occurs from Terra del 
Fuego northward at least to 41° S. latitude, while alpine glacia- 
tion occurs as far north as 9° S. latitude. “Besides the true 
glacial deposits and the aeolian formations of loess and loam, 
there exists in South America, especially on the high plateau of 
Bolivia, lake deposits of great extent.” 58 
Terraces and tuff deposits, analogous to those of the Great 
Basin region of North America, are well developed. Over the 
high lands of central Brazil and in Paraguay, river gravels and 
silts, similar to those of the Columbia formation, are also well 
developed, while the low plains and swamps are covered by 
alluvium. 59 
58. Steinmann, Gustav, loc. cit., p. 860. 
59. Evans, J. W., Quart. Jour. Geol. Soc. London, Vol. L. 1894, pp. 
98, 99. 
Chicago, 1909. 
THE BLISTER RUST OF WHITE PINE ( PERIDERMIUM 
STROBI KLEBAHNi FOUND IN OHIO.* 
A. D. Sf.i.by. 
Many are familiar with Circular 3<S, Bureau of Plant Industry, 
U. S. Department of Agriculture, issued in August, 1909, warning 
growers and importers of white pine seedlings that the blister 
rust of this species had been introduced into New York state and 
probably into Pennsylvania. This rust fungus, (Peridermium 
strobi Klebahn) has been found by rust specialists to be one 
stage of the blister rust of currants and gooseberries, (Cronartium 
ribicola Fisch. de Waldh.). The rust has long been of special 
interest in Europe, and particularly in Germany, because of its 
apparent preference to the American white pine, (Pinus strobus) 
as the host plant for the aecidial or peridermium stage. Now by 
one of these biological transferences, we have this particular rust 
fungus, heretofore unknown in America, brought back to the 
native home of the white pine. We have in this fact a situation 
which may be a serious drawback to the future successful culture 
of white pine in North America. Just how serious the drawback 
will finally prove cannot now be determined. 
* Presented at the Akron meeting of the Ohio Acad, of Sci.. Nov. 25 
1910. 
