The Ohio Naturalist. 
[ Vol. XI, No. 5, 
294 
ized, monosporangiate, and epigynous. The Nymphaeaceae are 
an intermediate lateral branch of the Helobiae. The morpho- 
logical evidence for this view is overwhelming. There is no 
reason for separating the Hydrocharitales from the Helobiae as is 
frequently done, for their morphology and cytology show the 
relationship conclusively. 
Whether the Spadiciflorae represent more than one subclass 
may be a question, but they nevertheless show a closer relation- 
ship among themselves than to either the Helobiae or Liliiflorae. 
Fig. 1. Diagram of the Subclasses of Monocotylas and Dicotylae. 
The Glumj florae may be an offshoot from either the Spadici- 
florae or Liliiflorae. They have thus been placed in a neutral 
position, in the diagram, between the two. They represent 
extreme specializations as indicated by the numerous vestigial 
structures. 
The main families of the Liliiflorae make a natural group 
extending from the Liliaceae to the Orchidaceae. The Liliales 
may need some further rearrangement from that indicated below, 
but it is not considered advisable to separate them into two orders 
as is frequently done. 
In the Dicotylae the problem of classification is, of course, 
much more difficult than in the Monocotylae, because of the far 
