Nov., 1911.] 
Life-Histories of Syrphidae II. 
4°3 
remain essentially as in the larva viz., the appendage is longer 
than in P. bicolor the tubes slightly divergent at the tip and the 
■spoon-shaped spine at their tips longer ; the segmental spines as a 
whole are shorter, the dorsal ones in segments 6-11 becoming 
inconspicuous or entirely invisible. 
Pupa from the larva taken at Lakeville, Ohio, June 18th, was 
formed June 23. Pupae were common in the field at Kelley’s 
Island, July 8. They were taken at Sandusky, Ohio, August 2. 
Duration in the pupal stage was from 5 to 11 days. Pupation is 
accomplished within the hardened larval skin. The posterior 
part especially flattens out on the surface of the leaf becoming 
glued fast to it while the anterior end becomes inflated, the head 
segments being retracted ventrally. 
For the emergence of the pupa the operculum splits off usually 
between larval segments 5 and 6 dorsally and just back of the 
mouth-parts ventrally. The adult emerges with wings crumpled 
and a conspicuous U-shaped loop in the costal margin about the 
termination of the first longitudinal vein. The wings expand and 
harden in an hour or so and the fly is ready for flight. 
Adults have been taken from the tenth of May to the latter 
part of August more often in the first half of June and the first 
half of August. They are flower feeders but found most com- 
monly in deep meadowy wooded spots hovering in the sunlight or 
may be taken by beating. 
Adult. 
Paragus tibialis (Fallen). 
c? $ Length 3 to 5 mm. Antennae nearly as long as the 
head, blackish brown varying to yellowish brown on parts. Face 
light yellow pilose ; yellow on the sides with a broad median black 
band from antennae to oral margin; projecting below and with a 
distinct tubercle above the oral margin (Fig. 37). Front in 
female black, with black pile of nearly equal width throughout 
(Fig. 38). Frontal triangle in male yellow, vertical triangle large, 
black, yellowish pilose at the apex, elsewhere the pile darker. 
Eyes pilose, the pile not massed in two vertical stripes, dilute. 
Thorax entirely greenish -black, shining, with yellowish pile. 
No yellow on the scutellum. Legs light yellow, black on the base of 
the femora; the hind femora all black except at the tip. Wings 
hyaline slightly tinged with grayish. 
Schiner in Fauna Austrica cites several varieties separated on 
the color of the abdomen. The ones I have reared from larvae 
show the following abdominal markings : In the male the first and 
second segments are black, the following ones reddish brown 
with some black, whitish yellow pilose. In the female entirely 
.greenish-black like the thorax with more or less whitish pile. 
