408 
The Ohio Naturalist. 
[Vol.XII, No. 1, 
Third in line, is the form, size and outline of the apple, and 
also the core line. 
Fourth in rank of inconsistency is the tube, while the stamens, 
apical and lower basins fluctuate least. 
As far as could be observed there is very little fluctuation in 
shape, size or form of the calyz in any variety of apples. 
In general, while there are no two apples exactly alike in any 
one variety, yet there is a certain similarity running through one 
variety that makes the apples look alike. 
On the following pages is shown in percentages the amount 
of fluctuation of each variety along the various parts of the apples 
The per cent indicated shows the per cent of fluctuation while 
the negative amount is the per cent of constancy. 
In conclusion it might be said that the investigation, if it were 
continued with all the different varieties of apples that we have, 
would probably bring out the same facts as have been brought 
out in the study of these fifty varieties. 
There is a slight possibility that where only one variety is 
grown in an orchard there may not be such a great tendency 
toward fluctuation of characteristics as there would be in an 
orchard like the State College of Washington orchard where there 
are hundreds of different varieties of apples. 
BIBLIOGRAPHY. 
1. The American Fruit Culturist, John J. Thomas. 
2. Systematic Pomology, F. A. Waugh. 
3. Principles of Fruit Culture, Bailey. 
4. Encyclopedia of Agriculture, Bailey. 
5. The Apples of New York, Beech. 
