Dec., 1911.] 
The Classification of Plants, VII. 
4i3 
Synopsis. 
I. Inflorescence not a typical spadix. 
1. Leaves usually plicate and more or less split at maturity. 
a. Carpels free or united, usually 3, forming a unilocular 
or plurilocular ovulary with one ovule for each 
carpel. Palmales. 
b. Carpels united; ovulary unilocular with numerous 
seeds on 2 or 4 parietal placentae. Cyclanthales. 
2. Leaves linear or sword-shaped, not plicate and not splitting 
at maturity; flowers monecious, spikate or capitate. 
Pandanales. 
II. Inflorescence a fleshy spadix, with or without a spathe; or 
minute plants without leaves floating free, the flowers few 
or solitary on the modified stem. Arales. 
GLUMIFLORAE. 
Usually grass-like herbs or rarely woody plants with hypo- 
gynous, inconspicuous flowers; carpels united, with 3-1 stigmas; 
perianth of 6-2 chaffy segments, or none; inflorescence usually 
consisting of spikelets or spikes; endosperm mealy or starchy. 
Synopsis. 
I. Ovulary 3-1-locular; ovules solitary in the cavities, ortho- 
tropous, pendulous. Restionales. 
II. Ovulary unilocular, 1-ovuled, ovules anatropous, erect or 
ascending. Graminales. 
LILIIFLORAE. 
Herbs, sometimes shrubs, lianas or trees, usually with prom- 
inent flowers, with showy petals or staminodes, hypogynous or 
epigynous, solitary or clustered; carpels 3 or sometimes 2, united; 
flowers pcntacyclic and trimerous or some modification of this 
type, usually bisporangiate but occasionally monecious or diecious, 
actinomorphic in the lower and prominently zygomorphic in the 
higher types; endosperm mealy, fleshy, or homy, sometimes none. 
Synopsis. 
I. Flowers hypogynous, seeds with endosperm. Liliales. 
II. Flowers partly or completely epigynous. 
1. Seeds with endosperm. 
a. Flowers mostly regular. Iridales. 
b. Flowers very irregular, usually zygomorphic. 
Scitaminales. 
2. Seeds without endosperm, very numerous and minute; 
flowers usually irregular and zygomorphic. Orchidales. 
