Dec., 1911.] 
The Classification of Plants, VII. 
417 
TUBIFLORAE. 
Herbs, shrubs, or trees with hypogynous, sympetalous, occa- 
sionally choripetalous or apetalous flowers; flowers normally 
tetracyclic, usually with two united carpels; stamens united with 
the corolla, as many as its lobes and alternate, or fewer. 
Synopsis. 
I. Corolla not scarious, nerved. 
1. Fruit usually a capsule, follicle, berry, drupe, or samara; 
carpels commonly several-to-many-seeded. 
a. Corolla regular; stamens usually of the same number 
as the corolla lobes. 
(a) Leaves alternate or opposite; ovularies not 
separating. Polemoniales. 
(b) Leaves usually opposite; ovularies frequently 
separating below, with a common style; if 
not separating, usually with two cavities 
or two placentae. Gentianales. 
b. Corolla mostly irregular or oblique; fertile stamens 
commonly fewer than the corolla lobes. 
Scrophulariales. 
2. Fruit indehiscent but usually splitting and forming 4 
nutlets around the style; carpels 1-2-seeded. Lamiales. 
II. Corolla usually scarious, nerveless; calyx and corolla 4-lobed. 
Plantaginales. 
INFERAE. 
Mostly herbs, occasionally shrubs, trees, or lianas, with epi- 
gynous, choripetalous or sympetalous, or rarely apetalous flowers; 
stamens usually as many as the petals or corolla lobes and alter- 
nate with them; carpels two or more, united; calyx often vestigial. 
Synopsis. 
I. Anthers separate. 
1. Corolla choripetalous; flowers usually in umbels or cymes. 
Umbellales. 
2. Corolla sympetalous. Rubiales. 
II. Anthers, with few exceptions, united; corolla sympetalous. 
1. Flowers not in involucrate heads. Campanulales. 
2. Flowers in dense involucrate heads; gynecium of two, or 
rarely three, united carpels, unilocular; seed one. 
Compositales. 
Phyla, Classes, and Subclasses of Plants. 
Phylum I. SCHIZOPHYTA. Fission Plants. 
Class 1. Cyanophvceae. Blue-green Algae. 
Class 2. Glaucocysteae. 
Class 3. Sehizomycetae. Fission Fungi. 
Class 4. Myxoschizomycetae. Slime Bactera. 
