April, 1912.] Entomophilous Flowers of Cedar Point. 
501 
quent visitors. A comparison with the observations of B em- 
bower, made in the summer of 1910, shows a remarkable but not 
unexpected contrast in the type of insect visitors noted. The 
shorter-tongued flies and the flower beetles (Donaeia and Dia- 
brotica) were not observed on the flowers under consideration in 
this report, while in the white and yellow forms studied by Bem- 
bower these were almost invariable visitors. Undoubtedly some 
of the flowers under consideration are hymenopterid flowers, that 
is, flowers modified especially for the Hymenoptera. Knuth 
states (Hand-book of Insect Pollination, Vol. 1, p. 117) that in 
the case of flowers with completely concealed nectar, accessible 
to bees, similarly colored species are in flower together. This 
was especially noteworthy in the case of Stachys, Teucrium, 
Verbena, and Mimulus, as described below. 
Nearly all the species observed were found to be protandrous, 
which appears to be a common method for preventing self-pollin- 
ation in entomophilous flowers. 
Labiatae (Mint family.) 
Blephilia ciliata. 
Found here, growing in communities closely associated with 
Nepeta cataria (catnip) this bluish-purple flower, though small in 
size, the corolla tube being about 9 mm. in length, is conspicuous 
because of the dense, globose whorls of the inflorescence. The 
corolla is nearly equally two-lipped ; the upper lip entire, the lower 
three-cleft, the lateral lobes rounded and longer than the middle 
one. The throat of the corolla tube is dilated and here are found 
the style and anthers, the former slightly exceeding the latter 
in length. 
Visitors — Diptera; Syritta pipiens; Hymenoptera; Micro- 
bembex monodonta, Agapostemon radiatus, A. splendens, Odyn- 
erus forminata, Bombus virginicus, B. fervidus, Megachile lati- 
manus: Lepidoptera; Pieris rapae. 
Stachys tenuifolia, var. aspera. 
Found along the shores of the coves and marshes, closely 
associated with Teucrium. The lilac or pinkish corolla is bila- 
biate, the upper lip arched and entire, the lower lip longer and 
spreading, three-lobed, with the middle lobe entire and marked 
by a darker colored nectar guide. Nectar is secreted at the base 
of the ovulary and stored in the smooth lower part of the corolla 
tube, which is 8 mm. long. The flowers are protandrous. The 
four stamens are in two pairs of unequal length, the outer dehis- 
cing first, followed by the shorter, inner pair. The former then 
diverge so that they project laterally between the lips of the 
corolla. The style elongates with age, so that the stigma lobes 
are brought to the mouth of the flower, thus receiving pollen from 
the dorsum of the larger insect visitors. 
