April, 1912.] Entomophilous Flowers of Cedar Point. 
5°3 
groove in the basal part of the lip. The corolla tube is short, 
being about 4 mm. in length, and the nectar is more accessible than 
in the other species under consideration. Microbembex mono- 
donta, which was the most frequent visitor, either alighted in the 
lower lip thus coming in contact with the anther lobes facing 
inward, or alighting on the upper lip reaching the nectar by crawl- 
ing down with inverted body, thus touching the anther lobes on 
the ends of the filaments. 
Visitors — Coleoptera; Anomala lucicola: Lepidoptera; Pieris 
rapae; Diptera: Syritta pipiens, Tropidia quadrata, Lucilia 
caesar: Hvmenoptera; Microbembex monodonta, Agapostemon 
radiatus, Andrena sp., Megachile latimanus. 
Scrophulariaceae (Figwort family.) 
Minulus ringens. 
This rather conspicuous blue flower is found in the marshes 
along the bay shores of Cedar Point. The corolla is irregular 
bi-labiate, with a narrow tubular throat 15 mm. in length; the 
upper lip bi-lobed and erect, the lower lip three-lobed and spread- 
ing, the middle lobe with a yellow platform or palate which par- 
tially guards the entrance to the corolla tube. The stamens are 
arranged as in Stachys. The style, which exceeds the outer 
stamens in length, lies between the inner pair and bears a bi-lobed 
plate-like stigma. No evidences of protandry or protogyny were 
noted, but the action of the irritable stigma renders this unneces- 
sary, for an insect forcing its way into the flower, first comes in 
contact with the stigmatic lobes, and these being irritable close, 
preventing self-pollination. 
Vitistors— Diptera; Syritta pipiens, Allograpta obliqua, Sphaer- 
ophora cylindrica, Syrphus americana: Lepidoptera; Papilio 
philenor, Epargyreus tityrus: Hymenoptera; Microbembex mono- 
donta, Agapostemon splendens, A. radiatus, Ceratina dupla, 
Bombus virginicus, B. americanorum , Megachile latimanus. 
Verbenaceae (Vervain family.) 
Verbena hastata. 
This well-known herb, the “Simpler’s Joy”, decorates the 
sedge communities along the cove shore with its slender spikes of 
small blue flowers. The corolla tube is about 4 mm. in length, 
with a distinct curve so that the upper part of the tube lies hori- 
zontal, affording both nectar and pollen protection from dew 
and rain. 
The limb of the corolla is five-lobed, the lower three lobes 
slightly exceeding the upper two. The throat of the slender 
corolla tube w closed by a ring of stiff hairs that effectually pro- 
tects against . entrance of creeping forms. The stamens, 
