Nov., 1903.] Notes on Interesting Ohio Willows. 
15 
long hair, rather thinl}^ or are almost glabrous, this last suggest- 
ing Salix cordata. The leaves, however, show no sign of diverg- 
ence from Salix sericea. 
Carpeliferous Filaments in Salix nigra. 
There is one class of willow freaks reported commonly by 
others from other places which have escaped observation, if pres- 
ent, in Ohio. The class contains those forms, certainly more 
common in Salix than in almost any other genus, of plants which 
have mixed up in some way their staminate and carpellate flow- 
ers. All sorts of combinations and mixes of the two kinds of 
flowers are reported. These forms would be very interesting to 
experiment upon from a physiologcal point of view, as well as 
anatomically, for they might throw some light on the problems 
connected with heredity and plasticity of cells. 
The plant is growing in the limestone bed of Jonathan creek at 
White Cottage, Ohio. It is a shrub 8 °-io° tall, with the usual 
apperance of Salix nigra. At the time of collection, 23 d of Maj’, 
it had passed its prime but an abundance of flowering mate- 
rial was 3 ’et to be had. At first sight it looked as though it 
was monoecious, with both sorts of flowers on one plant. Some 
aments were normall}" staminate ; others were apparently all car- 
pellate ; and still others were partly staminate and partly carpel- 
late. But on closer examination it developed that none of the 
ovularies had stigmas, but that in every case the place of that 
organ was taken by an anther. The ovularies, moreover, were not 
one to a flower, but each scale supported several, sometimes as 
many as five, but more often three or four. Sometimes they were 
joined together at their bases and radiated in all directions like 
prongs to some burr. Sometimes the stigmiform anther was 
sessile without a style ; or the style might be quite long. Occa- 
sionally the anther was supported on a long filament bearing a 
conical thickening at the base. Again one carpel may bear two 
styles, each with an anther. The anthers were all polleniferous 
and functional ; not one appeared withered or blasted. None of 
the carpels, however, under a low power, show developing ovules. 
They are frequently hairy-like filaments and were colored yellow 
like them. It seems most rational to conclude that these pseudo- 
carpels were homologous to filaments and were influenced in some 
way to assume their thickened form. 
Summer-Flowering Willows. 
Occasionally when collecting, one meets with willows flowering 
late in the summer. In the long-leaved willows this is no remark- 
able thing, for they have a special adaptation to secure a long 
flowering period. But in the other groups it is an occurrence rare 
enough to call for note. During several seasons collecting four 
