94 
The Ohio Naturalist. 
[Vol. IV, No. 4 , 
Germar speaks of it as near Issus and closeh' related also to 
Iinr3-brachus, being distinguished b}' the absence of wings, the 
foliaceoiis anterior femora and the smaller five-keeled front and 
long six-spined tibiae. As these genera now stand in distinct 
subfamilies this reference is of little value in determining rela- 
tionship. 
The sequence of events in cases of reduction are indicated b}" 
the following : First, normal individuals have full}’ developed 
elytra and wings ; next we find man}' species with fully developed 
elytra but aborted wings ; next, individuals with reduced elytra 
and no wings, and finally forms with elytra absent or reduced to 
mere rudiments. 
The conclusion seems evident that for species not using wings 
the first loss is from reduction of the wings probably since they 
ai'e more delicate and susceptible to influences of disuse ; next 
the elytra show reduction at the apex, usually by obliteration of 
the apical cells, the next most sirsceptible area, and finally by 
still further reduction in length. 
In one remarkable genus, Danepterix, recently discovered in 
California, the wings are wanting and the elytra instead of being 
shortened have been narrowed to mere strap-like appendages, 
leaving a wide strip of abdomen exposed between their dorsal 
margins as well as at the sides. 
THREE NEW SCALE INSECTS FROM OHIO. 
J. G. S.\XDERS. 
Orthezia soudagixis, n. sp. PI. \TII. Figs. 57-63. 
. /(/«// fenia/e : I.enj^th (including inarsupium), 6niin. ; width, 2.5mm. 
Body covered completely by white waxy secretion in four series ; two inner 
series composed of eight pairs of lamellae extending laterally from median 
line with tips turned backward and upward, gradually increasing in length 
to the sixth, then rapidly decreasing; the ninth pair joined at tips forming 
a ring around anal orifice. The two lateral series are each composed of ten 
lamellae, all turning backward except the first on either side. The second 
and third lateral lamellae are subequal, the others increasing in length to 
the long subequal eighth and ninth, reaching midway on the marsupium ; 
the tenth pair are very short and inconspicuous. A lamella extends down- 
ward between the antennae to the ventral surface. The marsupium is fluted 
on the dor.sal surface, plain ventrally and gradually narrowed and elevated 
posteriorly. 
Bodv, antennae and legs dark reddish-brown, .■\ntennae 8-jointed bearing 
scattered hairs and with distal ends of joints enlarged ; the fusoid eighth 
joint with a terminal spine and with distal half black. Formula - 3, 8, (4, 
5, 2,) 6, (7, I). I.ength of joints in (O i 35 . (2) ( 3 ) 205, (4) 150, 
