April, 1904 .] Galls and Insects Producing Them. 
133 
order of insect. This ver}’ complex development is due to an 
early acquirement of the gall-making habit or to more rapid evo- 
lutionary development as a result of the deposition of the egg 
below the surface. 
The greater part of the work connected with Part IX of this 
series was conducted at the Lake Laboratory of the Ohio State 
University at Sandusky, Ohio, and I am very much indebted to 
the Director, Professor Herbert Osborn, for valuable assistance. 
I also wish to express my thanks to the many friends who have 
collected material and otherwise aided in these studies. 
This series of papers will be presented to the Faculty of the College of 
Arts, Philosophy and Science, of the Ohio State University, as the thesis 
requirement for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy, June, 1904. 
LITERATURE. 
Continuous with the bibliography published with Parts I and II. 
24. Adler, Dr. H. “ Lege-Apparat und Eierlegen der Gall- 
wespen.” Deutsche Entomologische Zeitschrift XXI. 1877, 
Heft II. 
25. Beyerinck, Dr. M. W. “ Beobachtungen uber die ersten 
entwicklung.sphasen einiger Cynipidengallen.” Veroffentlicht 
durch die Konigliche Akademie der Wissenschaften zu Amster- 
dam, 1882. 
26. Beijerinck, M. W. “ Bydrage tot de Morphologie der 
Plantegallen,” 1877. 
27. Beijerinck, M. \V. “ De Gal van Cecidomjda aan Poa 
nemoralis,” Overgedrukt uit bet Maandblad voor Xatuurwet- 
enschatten, 1884, No. 5. 
28. Beijerinck, M. W. “ Ueber Gallbildung und Genera- 
tionswechsel bei Cjmips calicis und uber die Circulansgalle,” 
Verhandelingen der Koninklijke Akademie van Wetenschappen 
te Amsterdam, 1894. 
29. Beijerinck, M. W. “ Sur la Cecidiogenese et la Genera- 
tion Alternante chez le Cynips calicis. Observations sur la galle 
de L’Andricus circulans,” Extrait des Archives Neerlandaises, 
T. XXX, p. 387-444. 
30. Busgen, M. “Der Honigtau Biologische Studieu an 
Pflanzen und Pflanzenlausen.’’ Zeitschrift fur Naturwissenschaft. 
Bd. XXV. 
31. Busgen, M. “ Zur Biologie der Galle von Hormomyia 
Fagi Htg.” Forstlich-naturwissenschaftliche Zeitschrift, Jan- 
uar, 1895. 
32. Courchet, M. L. “ Etude sur less Galles Causees par des 
Aphidiens.’’ Akademie des Sciences et Lettres de Montpellier. 
Memoires de la section des sciences. 
33. Derbes, M. “ Observations sur les Aphidiens qui font les 
Galles des Pistachiers.’’ 
