142 
The Ohio Naturalist. 
[Vol. IV, No. 6, 
My specimens of Amphibolips illicifoliae Bassett were too far 
advanced to admit of sectioning, but a careful examination indi- 
cated that the zones were well defined and that the space in the 
parenchyma zone is bridged by means of fibro-vascular bundles 
as in A. inanis and H. centricola. 
The galls of Amphibolips primus Walsh (Fig. 122) are very 
firm and all the zones are well defined except the protectiv’e zone, 
which is entirely absent. The parenchyma zone is very thick 
and probably compensates for the lack of a protective zone. 
There are very few small fibro-va.scular bundles. 
Cialls of Amphibolips sculpta Bas.sett (Fig. 123) were more 
succulent than other specimens which I have examined. My 
specimens were mature, but the four zones were well defined. 
The nutritive zone was almost obliterated, due to the age of the 
gall. The protective zone was thin and the cell walls not ver}’ 
thick. The parenchyma zone was very thick and composed of 
large, succulent cells and was probablj- very important in furnish- 
ing nutriment to the larva. Near the outer surface were numer- 
ous small fibro va.scular bundles. The epidermal zone was very 
prominent and compo.sed of small cells. 
Andricus petiolicola Bassett is one of the firmest of the leaf 
galls. It is formed either on the petiole or mid-rib and is com- 
posed of very small, firm cells ( Fig. 124). The four zones are 
well defined, but the protective zone is very thin and the cell 
walls but ver}' little thicker than in the neighboring cells The 
parenchyma zone is very thick, compo.sed of very small cells with 
no intercellular .spaces, but with many layers of long fibrous cells. 
The galls of Acraspis erinacei Walsh (Fig. 125) are very con- 
spicuous. The galls are always developed on the mid-rib of the 
leaf, but contain no fibro-vascular bundles. The nutritive zone 
is thick and very rich in protoplasm. The protective zone is 
also thick and gradually merges into the parenchyma zone, which 
is al-so thick. The epidermal zone is very irregular and is covered 
with numerous unicellular trichomes. 
The galls of Biorhiza forticornis Walsh are fig-.shaped and the 
larval chamber instead of being suspended in the center of the 
gall, as is many others, is placed at the apex (Fig. 126a) and the 
space between the protective and parenchyma zones, or rather in 
the parenchyma zone, extends Jess than half way round the larval 
chamber. My specimens were mature and I was unable to make 
a careful study of the nutritive and protective zones. However, 
the nutritive zone appeared to be relatively thicker, while the 
protective zone was thin and merged gradually into the paren- 
chyma zone ( F'ig. 126b). The parenchyma zone was thick and 
composed of large C'='lls fl'ig. 126c). Considerably more of this 
zone remained attached to the jirotective zone than is the case 
with most galls where this .sejiaration occurs. The cavity formed 
