270 
The Ohio A’aturalist. 
[Vol. V, No. 3, 
KEY TO OHIO ASHES IN THE WINTER CONDITION 
E. C. Cotton. 
Fraxinus L. Trees with stout twigs and opposite leaf-scars not 
meeting but sometimes with connecting ridges; terminal bud 
present ; bud scales 1 to 3 pairs, the outer ones usually not spread- 
ing, rough, pubescent and rather dry ; lateral buds evident ; leaf- 
scars semi-circular to shield or heart-shaped : bundle scars numer- 
ous, contiguous, in a curved line or nearly forming a complete 
ring; pith cylindrical, solid, rather large and white; twigs gray or 
greenish- or brownish-gray; lenticels usually numerous but not 
large or wart-like; bark of trunk corrugated or flaky, ashy gray 
or brownish; wood of medium weight, hard, tough and elastic; 
fruit a samara usually one seeded. 
1. Twigs pubescent not with four ridges or wings; bark of trunk corru- 
gated; leaf scars usually shield-shaped. 2. 
1. Twigs somewhat pubescent, udth four or more ridges or wings, some- 
times persisting until the third or fourth year; connecting ridges 
between leaf-scars usually present; leaf scars usually crescent 
shaped; buds pubescent, gray or brownish-gray; bark of trunk ashy 
gray, thin flaky; fruit linear-oblong or cuneate, winged all around, 
the body extending more than half way to the apex. 
F. qnadrangiilata Mx., Blue Ash. 
1. Twigs glabrous or nearly so. 3. 
2. Lateral buds large, prominent, projecting, tumid, somewhat spherical, 
usually exposing four bud scales; twigs usually dark-gray; con- 
necting ridges between leaf-scars usually present ; fruit with linear 
somewhat broadened wing, two or three times as long as the nar- 
rowly elliptic, nearly terete body. 
F. Bilttnoreana Bead. Biltmore Ash. 
2. Lateral bud small, usually pyramidal or rather truncate, not project- 
ing, usually showing but two bud scales; twigs usually showing but 
two bud scales ; twigs usually light greenish gray ; connecting ridges 
between leaf-scars sometimes present ; fruit linear, margined above 
by the decurrent, linear, spatulate wing, and nearly equaling it. 
F. pcnnsylvanica Marsh. Red Ash. 
3. Buds brownish-black or black; fruit winged all around, body flat. 4. 
3. Buds reddish-brown, brownish-gray or gray; fruit spatulate with wing 
terminal or partly decurrent ; bark of trunk corrugated. 5. 
4. Lateral buds usually spherical ; twigs light-gray, stout, stiff and brittle ; 
lenticels prominent and usually numerous; bark of trunk ashy gray, 
flaky; fruit narrow-oblong. F. nigra Marsh. Black Ash. 
4. Lateral buds more or less four angled, commonly pyramidal; twigs 
greenish-gray, somewhat slender; lenticels not prominent and usu- 
ally few; fruit oblong, cultivated. F. excelsior L. European Ash. 
5. Ridges connecting leaf-scars usually present; leaf-scars crescent 
shaped ; twigs generally greenish-gray ; wing of fruit not decurrent. 
F americana L. White Ash. 
5. Ridges connecting leaf-scars usually absent; twigs gray; leaf-scars 
usually shield shaped; wing of fruit decurrent on the sides of the 
body to below the middle. F. lanceolata Borck. Green Ash. 
