Feb., 1905.] 
Key — Ohio Woody Plants. 
277 
KEY TO THE GENERA OF OHIO WOODY PLANTS IN THE 
WINTER CONDITION. 
John H. Schaffner. 
The writer has been studying the winter condition of trees 
and shrubs for the past two years, having been attracted to the 
subject through observations on self-pruning. Many of the twig 
characters are exceedingly important and should be given more 
consideration in specific descriptions and in manuals. Inci- 
dentally some keys were constructed. These have been verified 
to a large extent by use in the class room and it is believed that 
a twig key can be used with as little difficulty as one based on 
the usual floral characters. A hand lens is necessary to deter- 
mine some of the characters included. 
1. Foliage leaves persistent and usually evergreen. 2. 
1. Foliage leaves deciduous each year. 20. 
2. Foliage leaves needle-shaped, subulate, narrowly linear, or scale- 
like; conifers. .3. 
2. Foliage leaves with expanded blades, netted veined. 8. 
.3. With dwarf branches, each bearing 2—5 foliage leaves. PINUS. 
3. Without true dwarf branches. 4. 
4. Leaf buds scaly. 5. 
4. Leaf brxds not scaly, naked. 7. 
5. Leaf scar not on a sterigma, prominent, circular; leaves flat. ABIES 
5. Leaf scar on a sterigma, the base of the leaf remaining as a scale on 
the twig. (). 
(). Leaves flat, those on the upper side of the twig mttch shorter than 
the lateral ones. TSL^GA. 
(3. Leaves flat, all of about the same length. TAXES. 
(3. Leaves more or less 4-sided, spreading in all directions. PICEA. 
7. Foliage leaves small, scale-like, appressed, opposite, 4-ranked, 
closely covering the twigs which are decidedly flattened and fan- 
like; leaves of two shapes, the dorsal and ventral broader and 
less acute than the lateral ones; scales of the carpellate cone not 
peltate. THUJA. 
7. Foliage leaves small, scale-like, appressed, opposite, 4-ranked, 
closely covering the slightly flattened twigs which are not very 
fan-like; leaves nearly or quite similar; scales of the carpellate 
cone peltate. CHAAL-ECYPARIS. 
7. Foliage leayes of two types, scale-like and.subulate, opposite or in 
threes; the scale-like leayes 4-ranked, appressed, causing the 
twigs to appear quadrangular, the subulate leayes spreading; 
one or both types of leayes on a plant ; carpellate cone deyeloping 
into a bluish-black berry-like fruit. JL^NIPERUS. 
— S — 
8. Leayes with spines or reduced to spines. 9. 
8. Leayes without spines. 10. 
9. Leayes compound, with spine-tipped teeth; or leayes of the main 
twigs usually without a blade and reduced to 1—5 prong-like 
spines, at length dry. BERBERIS. 
9. Leayes simple, with spine-tipped teeth or lobes; twigs grey. ILEX. 
10. Leaves opposite or whorled. 11. 
10. Leaves alternate. 13. 
