388 
The Ohio Naturalist. 
[Vol. VI, No. 1, 
The first and second sul)kingdoms are Thallophyta; the 
third, fourth, and fifth are x\rchegoniata ; and the sixth and 
seventh are Sperm ato])hyta. 
It is often convenient to separate the chlorophyll-fjearing 
Thallophytes from those without chlorophyll. Thallophytes with 
chlorophyll are Algae. Thallophytes without chlorophyll are 
Fungi. Protoidiytes with chlorophyll are Protophyceae. Pro- 
tophytes without chlorophyll are Protomycetes. Nematophytes 
with chlorophyll are Gamophyceae. Nematophytes without 
chlorophyll are Fiumycetes. 
The seven subkingdoms may be characterized as follows: 
I. Protophyt.v. Protophytes. 8, ()()() known living species 
Phinls without sexuality, rejjresenting direct descendants from prim- 
itive nonse.xual organisms; typically unicellular, the cells free, in colonies, 
in plasmodial masses, or in simjde or branched filaments which are free or 
ti.xed and in the more highly specialized forms with definite base and 
ape.x; nonmotile, or having locomotion either by means of flagella, cilia, 
or j^seudojiodia, or by the general contraction of the cell: holophytic or 
phagO])hytic; with chlorophyll or without; re])roduction by simple fission, 
by zoospores, or by walled or encysted spores by means of which the 
])lant survives dessication. 
II. Nematophyt.\.. Nematophytes. 57, ()()() known living 
sjjecies. 
Plants which have developed sexuality, some type of conjugation 
being present e.xcept in some groups which are supposed to have under- 
gone degeneration from se.xual ancestors; the more highly developed 
forms frecpiently with a primitive alternation of generations; plant body 
usually filamentous, either simple or branched, free or fixed, but in some 
groups unicellular, cocnobioid, or a comple.x solid aggregate; chlorophyll 
jjresent or absent, the great majority of species without chlorophyll living 
in aerial conditions as parasites or saprophytes, those with chlorophyll 
usually being hydrophytes. 
III. BkYOPHYT.t. Bryophytes. About 14, ()()() known living 
species. 
Plants, usually of small size, in which there is a typical sporophyte 
but this never having an inde])endent existence, being supj)orted on the 
gametophyte in a parasitic condition during its entire life; without true 
vascular tissue, true roots, or leaves, but sometimes with true stomata; 
always homosporous. Gametophyte comjjarativelv large, consisting of a 
thalloid frond or a stem like, scaly frond, usually preceded by a fila- 
mentous ])roeml)ryo, the protonema, which develojis from the sjjore. 
IV. PTERiuoPHYT.t, IIoMospoR.vE. Homosporous Pterido- 
phytes. 2,800 known living s])ecies. 
Plants in which the herbaceous or tree-like sporojiliyte, after the 
juvenile stage, has an independent existence with true fibro-vascular tis- 
sue, roots, and leaves, and with a terminal growing point; homosporous 
and either eusporangiate or lejjtosiiorangiate. Gameto])hyte usually 
rather large, normally herma])hroditc although often unisexual; thalloid 
and green but sometimes tuberous and subterranean and without 
chlorophyll 
