410 
The Ohio Naturalist. 
[Vol. VI, No. 2, 
both North and South America. Two species, Chclijer canes- 
trinum, Bab, and Chelifer longichelifer occur both in Ecuador 
(Guayaquil) and in Venezuela, i. e., to the west and east of the 
Andes. Two other species from Venezuela occur in Paraguay 
and Uruguay. Hagen in one of his papers (IX) mentions 
Chelifer americaniis occurring in Venezuela and South Brazil. 
Of the few s])ecies noted from Peru and Chili, west of the Andes, 
none are reported from the east. The evidence from South 
America, while insufficient, I believe nevertheless suggests a 
distribution similar to that in North America. 
The distribution of the order Pseudoscor])ionidae is, of 
course, worldwide; North America, South America, Europe, 
Asia, Africa, Australia, Madagascar, Sumatra and New Celebes, 
each having representatives reported. 
H.\bit.\ts. — I collected almost all my specimens from under 
the loose bark of flat-lying trees. A few were found in banana 
plant rubbish (dried leaves, pieces of .stems, etc.) and in dead 
pines (Pine here refers to a relative of the ]flnaepple that grows 
as an aerophyte upon trees in the tropics.) While I could not 
state that pseudoscorpions are social in their habits, I always 
felt that when I found one, others were not far away, and 
that they were scattered in groups rather than singly. It is also 
interesting to note that the ])laces of occurrence of these species 
in Jamaica were always damp or even wet: frequently so wet that 
I could press water from the bark and wood with my fingers. I 
never found them in dry places, and when I kept some in cap- 
tivity under small pieces of bark in glass jars, I found that they 
died and dried up if the bark was not kept quite moist and the 
jars covered. By taking proper precaution, however, to provide 
moisture, several colonies were kept alive for about ten months. 
In one instance I prepared a roll of bark about a core of 
decayed wood and set it one end in a glass jar. This worked 
very well, the animals living between the layers of the bark 
and wood. In this jar and others some females even pro- 
duced eggs, and some young were hatched. To keep water from 
condensing upon the sides of the glass, I lined the jars with filter 
pa])er. Not all preudoscorpions, however, require such wet con- 
ditions; thus Chelifer hiseriatum already referred to, and Chelifer 
cancroides, the book scorpion, both live in very dry places in 
houses. Other localities where these little creatures find their 
abode are: upon the leaves of trees (palmetto), between the 
crevices of rocks, under rocks, driftwood and leaves in the 
woods. Obisium uiaritimum, Leach, and Chelanops tristes, Bks.. 
live under stones between tide marks: the former on the Isle of 
Man and other British Isles, the latter on Long Island, N. Y. 
Immes, who reports the former sj^ecies, suggests that it retains 
sufficient air in its tracheae to. keep it alive during high tide. 
