246 
The Ohio Naturalist. 
[Vol. VIII, No. S r 
later. In summing up the specific characters the three thoracic 
wax glands below the lateral tubercle, the two abdominal tuber¬ 
cles with their accompanying hairs, and the group of six or seven 
sensories at the base of the unguis ought to determine the species- 
for the winged or wingless form. 
A great deal of speculation has always existed as to the 
function of the honey-tubes. Repeatedly while observing the 
insect I noticed the honey-dew given off from the anal opening. 
A small drop of clear liquid would be extruded, and by means 
of the left foot the liquid would be thrown one or two inches. 
Therefore, in this particular instance I am quite certain the 
honey-dew is not extruded through the tubes. The honey-tubes 
always contain twQ structures. Running the entire length is a. 
fine tube very much resembling a trachea. This could only be 
seen in freshly mounted specimens and could not be traced into 
the body of the insect. In addition to this the cavity of the honey- 
tube always contains a number of characteristic bodies, oval in 
shape, with clear centers. These bodies break down in certain 
mounting media and frequently form crystals. Since it is quite 
uncertain whether or not malphigian tubules exist, it is possible 
these bodies are the result of an excretory process. Both tubes 
and bodies have been observed by other workers, but I think as. 
yet have not been explained. 
Two series of observations were carried on to determine the 
life history as well as the effect of food and other environmental 
changes on the species. The first set of observations was on the 
original colony which was not disturbed during the entire fall.. 
As before stated when the aquarium was first brought into the 
laboratory it contained only wingless viviparous females or 
nymphs of the same. These were all very dark in color, varying, 
from dark brownish black to nearly jet black. Being protected 
and in a warm room they multiplied at an enormous rate and in 
a few days everv available leaf of the Philotria was occupied and 
soon began to die. No sooner had the food supply began to fail 
than a change was noted in the color of the aphids, especially 
the very young. In place of being dark in color they assumed 
a greenish tinge and before long individuals might be found of a 
light pea green color. In a short time nymphs of the winged 
form were noted which rapidly developed and either migrated 
to one of the other aquariums, or flew to the window to die in a. 
few days from starvation. Four or five other aquaria were 
in the laboratory and contained Philotria which was soon covered 
with aphids after the first winged forms appeared. Strange to 
say no sexual forms could be discovered and that phase of their 
life history is yet unsolved. In a little over a week after the 
aquarium was brought into the laboratory it was nearly depleted 
of aphids owing to the lack of food. However, as soon as the- 
