288 
The Ohio Naturalist. 
[Vol. VIII, No. 5, 
of 25-40 feet and may be underlain by micaceous sand behaving 
like quicksand, although no true quicksand could be located 
except a seam in a well, up on the terrace at a depth of 20-30 
feet and at a distance from the landslide of more than a half mile. 
The landslide began by the falling of the front of a steep bluff 
of this outwash material after it had been undermined by the 
stream (a branch of the Scioto from the west). This was fol¬ 
lowed by the settling down of 10-15 acres of the adjacent terrace 
land, and the horizontal layers of blue clay and sand exposed in 
the stream bed for a generation were made to buckle and fold as 
if pushed up from below or crushed laterally, and then forced 
forward into sharp folds. This stratified clay, turned up verti¬ 
cally, rose across the valley obstructing the channel and effective¬ 
ly ponding the waters back. A lake a fourth mile long was 
formed, whose overflow is slowly cutting an outlet notch through 
the vertical layers of tough clay. 
Such a slide could hardly have occurred unless there had been 
a vielding stratum below in which slipping could take place, hence 
the supposition of quicksands, or micaceous layers at least, 
beneath the surface. 
The more remarkable physiographic effects of this slide are 
(1) the lowering and tumbling of an area of level pasture and 
scattered timber several acres in extent, through a vertical dis¬ 
tance of one to twenty-five feet; (2) the folding and pushing up 
of a series of horizontal clay layers; (3) the ponding back, by the 
latter phenomenon, of the waters, and the production of a tem¬ 
porary lake; (4) the complete closing of a large spring and its 
re-formation in a new place several rods distant and a few feet 
higher. 
The second large landslide occurred many years ago. It lies 
in and rather completely closes the valley between the head of 
Cranenest Fork of Little Muskingum and a short branch of Op- 
possum Creek about one and one-half miles west of Winkler’s 
Mill, Monroe county, Ohio. The topography of the vicinity is 
shown on the New Martinsville and New Metamoras sheets of the 
United States Geological Survey topographic map. 
At the point indicated, the divide is about 1110 feet above 
sea level, but has the appearance of a low col in a valley whose 
walls rise over one hundred and fifty feet above the crest of the 
col. The material of this divide is loose rock waste with a bunchy 
surface considerable subdued by subaerial agencies and deeply 
gashed by headward erosion. On the east side of this divide the 
little branch of Oppossum Creek falls 100 feet in one-fourth mile 
and another hundred in less than a full mile. This branch is 
on rock back to the landslide. Cranenest Fork, flowing N. W., 
falls 100 feet in about one mile and another hundred feet in about 
