March, 1908.] 
Two Notable Landslides. 
289 
23^2 miles. It is not on rock until more than one half mile from 
the landslide. Westward along this creek a distance of seven 
to eight miles, or, about to the crossroads called Cranenest, the 
tributaries all enter the main creek barbed, as if the latter had 
been reversed since their courses were established. The altitude 
of the bed of the stream here is only 830 feet above sea level a 
depth reached by Oppossum Creek about two and one-half miles 
from the divide. The fact that the streams are on rock so near 
the divide does not prove that the valley floor here before the 
landslide was no lower than the bed rock now exposed. It sug¬ 
gests that the landslide and accompanying or ensuing aggradation 
covered the old rock floor, in such manner that, subsequent ero¬ 
sion was not directed along the line of the previous axis of the 
valley; but that the streams, cutting through the mantle rock 
where they found themselves, have in places, encountered rock 
at much higher levels. 
The physiographic effects of this landslide seem to have been 
(1) the plugging of a valley several miles below the divide to 
such an extent that (2) the waters of a southeast flowing stream 
leading to Oppossum Creek were ponded back and made to rise 
in a lake and flow over the divide into a branch of Little Mus¬ 
kingum now called Cranenest Fork, and thereby (3) the course 
of a stream for seven or eight miles was reversed, and this much 
of one creek was removed from its head and added to the head 
of another. Since the reversal, the col-divide, over which the 
waters were forced, has been cut down, and the stream now flows 
out westward by an easy grade; while to the eastward, the short 
stream, tributary to Oppossum creek, and thereby, to the Ohio, 
is rapidly endeavoring to push its headwaters back and recover 
its lost territory. 
OCCURRENCE OF TYPHLOPSYLLA OCTACTANUS IN OHIO. 
Herbert Osborn. 
While many species of fleas are recorded for different mam¬ 
mals in America, there have been so far no definite records of the 
occurrence of any of these parasites upon bats. A number of 
species are known in the old world as infesting these mammals, 
and it has been a matter of some interest here to determine 
whether our native species of bats were infested by the same 01 - 
similar species. In July, 190(1, I found upon a bat taken at 
Cedar Point several specimens of a flea which undoubtedlv 
belongs to this genus and which in its main characters agrees 
closely with the European species named above. There are some 
points of difference as compared with a description of that 
species, especially in the number and arrangement of tenidia, but 
