3 °° 
The Ohio Naturalist. 
[Vol. VIII, No. 6, 
The exact status of this formation is not easy to determine 
with respect to its counterpart on Presque Isle, but it appears 
that the formation on Cedar Point is a sort of merging of what 
has been called two distinct formations on Presque Isle. The 
formation is typically exemplified on Ridges 5 and 4 and, in 
places, on 3. 
No alternation is evident between the facies of this formation, 
but there is, however, a distinct layering; the following layers 
being evident: 
1. Primary Layer.—The facies and other trees of larger size. 
2. Secondary Layer.—Young trees, mainly of same species 
as the facies but relatively larger numbers of oaks. 
3. Tertiary Layer.-—Low shrubs and herbs; Vagnera, 
Equisetum, etc. 
4. Ground Layer.—Represented very sparingly by occa¬ 
sional fleshy fungi, moulds, myxomycetes, etc. 
The formation is characterized by one principal species con^ 
stituting the Vagnera stellata Society. Also conspicuous com¬ 
munity and family groups of Equisetum. 
The Quercus velutina-imbricaria Forest Formation. 
Facies: Quercus velutina, 
Quercus imbricaria. 
Principal Species: Aralia nudiflora, 
Washingtonia claytoni. 
Secondary Species: 
Pinus strobus, 
Tilia americana, 
Prunus virginiana, 
Smilax herbacea, 
Rubus nigrobaccus, 
Vitis vulpina, 
Vagnera stellata, 
Meibomia dillenii, 
Galium circaezans, 
Ulmus americana, 
Monarda fistulosa, 
Phryma leptostachya. 
This formation is best shown towards the north ends of Ridges 
3 and 2. The habitat, although originally a xerophytic one with 
a pure sand soil, has become more and more mesophytic. The 
water-containing and water-retaining powers of the soil have been 
much increased by the accumulation of about three inches of 
humus which acts as a mulch, and also the same general effect 
is brought about by the continual rise of the water table coinci¬ 
dent with the cumulative rise of water in the Lake. 
Juniperus virginiana, 
Prunus serotina, 
Fraxinus americana, 
Toxicodendron pubescens, 
Aralia racemosa, 
Parthenocissus quinqefolia 
Vagnera racemosa, 
Lespedeza violacea, 
Helianthus strumosus, 
Solanum nigra, 
Nabalus albus, 
