April, 1908.] 
2 he Vegetation of Cedar Point. 
3 2 9 
the long, cylindrical, stiff, but yet quite flexible, stems being 
admirably adapted to withstand surf conditions in which the 
larger, less flexible leaves and stems of Typha with a greater sur¬ 
face exposed to the action of the surf, would be broken up and 
the plant killed. Accordingly we find that part of the marsh 
exposed to the action of the surf to have the following structure: 
Facies: Scirpus validus, 
Scirpus americanus. 
Principal Species: Dianther a americana. 
Within the formation there is a distinct zonation, the Scirpus 
validus Consocies occupying the deeper water, often to a depth 
of four or five feet, while the Scirpus americanus Consocies occu¬ 
pies the shallower portion of the habitat, often extending, where 
the bottom is sandy, out to the water’s edge or even onto the wet 
bank, but on a muck bottom it is usually replaced in water a foot 
or less in depth by the formation next described. The action 
of the surf is considerably diminished by stretches of this forma¬ 
tion and quite considerable quantities of shifting sand may be 
stopped and accumulated by the rushes, thus building up the 
land. 
The Dianthera americana Society occurs in a few places in the 
habitat of the Scirpus americanus Consocies, being best developed 
on sand-bars or islands submerged a few inches and over which 
which there is usually more or less of a current,—practically the 
condition of a river sand-bar where this plant reaches its best 
development. The submerged bar along the south side of the 
entrance to Biemiller’s Cove shows this Society very nicely. 
With the accumulation of sand and the consequent shallowing 
of the water, often also with the accumulation of more or less 
well defined deposits of partially humified muck, the following 
formation succeeds the Scirpus Formation: 
The Phragmites-Typha Marsh Formation. 
Facies: Typha latifolia, 
Phragmites phragmites. 
Secondary Species: 
Zizania aquatic a, 
Sagittaria latifolia, 
Sparganium eurycarpum, 
Solanum dulcamara, 
Nymphaea advena, 
Lemna trisulca, 
Carex aquatilis, 
Salix sp., 
Scirpus americanus, 
Persicaria lamina, 
Calamagrostis canadensis, 
Naumbergia iliyrsiflora, 
Dulichium arundinaceum, 
Wolfda columbiana, 
Carex comosa, 
Cephalanthus occidentalis, 
Many of the secondary species of this formation are more or 
less temporary invaders belonging more properly to other for¬ 
mations. The larger part of the formation is made up of the 
