338 
The Ohio Naturalist. 
[Vol. VIII, No. 6, 
Facies: Typha latifolia, 
Typha angustifolia, 
Phragmites phragmites. 
Principal Species: Hibiscus 
Secondary Species: 
Zizania aquatica, 
Sagittaria latifolia, 
Lenina trisulca, 
Naumbergia thyrsi flora, 
Cornus amomum, 
Cephalanthus occidentalis, 
Cicuta maculata, 
Calamagrostis canadensis, 
nioscheutos. 
Di anther a americana, 
Sparganium eurycarpum, 
Dulichium arundinaceum, 
Per sic aria laurina, 
Cornus obliqua, 
Car ex comosa, 
Solanum dulcamara, 
Carex comosa. 
This formation, with the building up of the soil above the 
water level, may give way immediately to a shrub formation but, 
where there is a considerable extent of wet soil just above the 
level of the water, there is more likely to be an invasion and sub¬ 
sequent occupation by a wet meadow formation, as follows,— 
typically exemplified at the eastern border of the marsh to the 
north west of the Laboratory: 
The Calamagrostis canadensis Wet Meadow Formation. 
Facies: Calamagrostis canadensis. 
Secondary Species: 
Blephariglottis psycodes, 
Boltonia asteroides, 
Carex schweinitzii, 
Carex frankii, 
Carex stipata, 
Carex bicknellii, 
Carex laxiflora, 
Cephalanthus occidentalis, 
Cornus obliqua, 
Dryopteris thelypteris, 
Lobelia syphilitica, 
Gyrostachys cernua, 
Penthorum sedoides, 
Roripa hispida, 
Rumex crispus, 
Rumex obtusifolius, 
Salix amygdaloides, 
Bidens discoidea, 
Campanula uliginosa, 
Carex comosa, 
Carex lanuginosa, 
Carex tribuloides, 
Carex lupulina, 
Carex vulpinoides, 
Cornus amomum, 
Sambucus canadensis, 
Epilobium adenocaulon, 
Lathyrus palustris, 
Mimulus ringens, 
Onoclea sensibilis, 
Roripa palustris, 
Rumex verticillatus, 
Salix cordata, 
Salix lucida, etc. 
The list of secondary species in this formation is a very long 
one, especially when including various invading species from 
the other formations adjacent, and certain other more or less 
ruderal species. However, in the real vegetational structure 
these many species play very little part, the facies constituting 
almost entirely the bulk of the vegetation. 
