468 
The Ohio Naturalist. 
[Vol. IX, No. 5 , 
Test I. May 1. Old apple tree in prime of bearing age, 
just beginning to open blossoms. Number of blossoms on test 
limb, 86. Number of blossoms on check limb, 'SB. Very cool 
day and no insects working. May 5, warmer and insects work¬ 
ing. May 16, found on test limb, 31 young fruits, some of them 
dried and just ready to fall, while on the check limb adjoining, 
55 fruits, most of them plump and growing. This makes the per¬ 
centage of fruit setting 62.5% for the check limb, while on the 
test limb with corollas removed only 36.04%. 
Test II. May 8. Wild Crab Apple Tree. Blossoms pink. 
Corollas removed with fine pointed scissors. Test limb of 304 
blossoms. Check limb of '200 blossoms. These blossoms were 
not yet fully opened but were still partly enveloping the stamens 
and pistils. On May 29, found on the check limb 140 fruits out 
of the original 200, while an the test with corollas removed there 
were only 145 out of the original 304, making the percentages 
70% for the check and 47.6% for the test. 
On June 4, this was again visited and found on check 35 
plump fruits and on test only 7, 17.5% for check and 2.3% for 
test with corollas removed. 
Test III. May 9. Crab apple tree, near preceding test tree. 
Test limb of 71 blossoms. Check limb of 72 blossoms. Flowers 
not opened, but parts enveloped by corollas. Observations were 
made on May 21, May 29, May 30 and June 4. Frost morning of 
28th of May. On June 4 on check limb there were seven fruits 
while on test only one. or 9.8% of fruit has set on the check 
limb with corollas untouched while on the test limb with corollas 
removed 1.4%. 
Test IV. Nasturtiums in the green-house. A large number 
of flowers were secured for this test, there being three groups, 
a middle group used for a check with corollas untouched and on 
either side a second and third group from which the corollas 
were kept removed. In these green house flowers no difference 
was observed in test and check groups, fruit setting in as great 
abundance on the group with corollas removed as on those flow¬ 
ers with corollas left intact. 
The results of more tests could be given to show the same 
lessening of the number of fruits setting on the groups of flowers 
with corollas or other showy parts removed. From this we see 
that a failure to set fruit on such flowers thus deprived cannot 
be attributed to lack of insect visitations. 
WHY A FAILURE TO SET FRUIT? 
As may be surmised from what has previously been said of 
the weather conditions as playing a part in the final results of the 
experiment, it may be said that it is this factor that has played 
so prominent a part, in that the flower has been deprived of a 
