April, 1909.] Conemaugh Formation in Southern Ohio. 
485 
a formation be permissible, then the term Patriot would be very 
appropriate for the limestone also, and is proposed. The coal is 
persistent across entire counties with a thickness of about 18 
inches. At several points along Leading Creek in Rutland 
Township, Meigs County, a workable thickness is found. 
The “First Cow Run’’ sandstone is massive and coarse¬ 
grained and contains conglomerate zones. At Burlington, in 
southern Lawrence County, the r ; ver bluffs show an exposure of 
over 60 feet. This is unusually thick, an average being about 
25 feet. 
The Cambridge limestone lies from 240 to 300 feet below the 
Pittsburg coal and from 90 to 145 feet below the Ames limestone. 
In typical outcrops it is a gray rock forming a single bed about 
28 inches thick. The stone is very hard and when struck gives a 
metallic ring. In places there is a double structure consisting of 
two beds of limestone interlain by several feet of shale containing 
a thin coal. Toward the south both beds are often cherty. 
Below the Cambridge, a thin coal is often found. This is 
especially true in the southern counties. Here it sometimes 
reaches a thickness of 3 feet. 
The Brush Creek or No. Vila coal is of little importance in 
southern Ohio. It is usually represented by little more than a 
blossom. 
The Mahoning sandstone is frequently shalv and does not 
show the persistent characteristics of the same horizon in 
Pennsylvania. 
Economic Features. 
The few coal seams of the Conemaugh are too thin to be 
worked except in a very small way. Occasionally a local thicken¬ 
ing gives a deposit which is stripped by the farmers for home use. 
Of these thin coal seams, the Patriot is probably the most 
persistent. 
Limestone and iron ore deposits are very scant. Nowhere is 
there a limestone thick enough to play any part in the cement 
industry. The few thin outcrops are stripped by the farmers for 
use on the roads. The Ames and Cambridge are well suited for 
this purpose, being very hard and durable. The clavs contain 
numerous zones of hematite nodules, but the deposits are too 
thin and scattered to be of anv importance. 
Beautiful laminated sandstones are not unknown in the 
formation but most of these are too friable for building purposes. 
Some of the more resistant rock is used for bridge abutments and 
foundations. 
Most of the Conemaugh belt is not well adapted to agricul¬ 
tural purposes. The topography is very broken especially in the 
counties bordering on the Ohio River. The more resistant sand¬ 
stone layers form abrupt ledges, while the thick beds of soft shale 
