May, 1909.] The Bedford Fauna at Indian Fields, Ky. 5 J 7 
Of these species, the first two appear to be characteristic of 
the Sunbury shale. Lingula melie was described from the Sun- 
bury shale at Chagrin Falls, 16 miles east of Cleveland, and the 
types of Orbiculoidea newberryi were obtained at the same horizon 
befow the Cuyahoga Falls, 28 miles southeast of Cleveland. 
The third species in the list was published originally from 
the Bedford shales. The following ten species are regarded as 
either identical with, or closely related to various Hamilton 
species. The fourteenth in the list is said to resemble a Portage 
species. No comparisons are made in case of the next two. It 
is evident that Prof. Herrick was strongly influenced in his 
identifications by the belief that the Bedford presented an upper 
Devonian rather than a lower Carboniferous fauna. 
In the first volume of the Geology of Ohio, on page 189, Prof. 
Newberry listed as coming from the Bedford shale, at Bedford, 
Ohio, Syringothyris typa (= carteri ), Rhynchonella (= Camaro- 
toechia) sageriana, Orthis ( Rhipidomella ) niichelini, Spiriferina 
solidirostris , and Macrodon hamiltoniae. From this it is evident 
that Newberry was impressed with the Waverly affinities of the 
Bedford. In the second volume of the Geology of Ohio, New¬ 
berry listed from the Bedford shale also Hemipronites crenistria, 
Chonetes logani, and Lingula cuyahoga. In the seventh volume 
of the Geology of Ohio, Prof. C. L. Herrick expressed the opinion 
that the fossils listed by Newberry “do not occur in the typical 
shaly Bedford, but in thin flags associated or interbedded, while 
the typical Bedford, especially in central Ohio where it reposes 
directly upon the “Black Shale,” carries a considerable series of 
fossils forming a decided Devonian assemblage. More remark¬ 
able still, the specific resemblances are unquestionably with 
Hamilton (in the broad sense) rather than the Chemung fauna.” 
In the attempt to determine the equivalence, approximately, 
of the Bedford shale to horizons already known elsewhere, the 
resemblances rather than the differences of the Bedford fauna to 
other species were noted. The result is that the fauna of the 
Bedford is still, practically, an unworked field. In the hope of 
contributing at least a little to our knowledge of the Bedford 
fauna, the following notes are added. They consist of descrip¬ 
tions of the various forms discovered so far in the attenuated 
representatives of the Bedford-Berea section, as exposed at 
Indian Fields and Irvine, Kentucky. For the stratigraphy the 
reader is referred to the paper on the Waverly formations of 
east-central Kentucky published by W. C. Morse and A. F. 
Foerste in the Journal of Geology, March, 1909, page 164. 
Lingula irvinensis, sp. nov. (Fig. 7). 
Valves gently convex. Concentric striae very fine and close together; 
of these, 5 or 6 in a length of 2 mm. appear slightly more prominent than 
the others. Length, 4.8 mm.; width, 4 mm. 
