54 
SUMMARY OF CURRENT RESEARCHES RELATING TO 
it is found in an amoeboid or unencysted stage in various parts of the 
body of Cypris Candida. The Myxosporidia of freshwater or marine 
Fishes have been studied by A. Kailliet,* * * § Pfeiffer f and Perugia J ; 
L. Cuenot § describes a series of parasitic Protozoa from Echinoderms ; 
ten belong to the ciliate Infusorians, and among these are Uronema 
echini from Strongylocentrotus lividus, U. digitiformis from the skin of 
Asterias glacialis, Hemispeira asteriasi from the dermal branchiae of the 
same ; Lichnophora Auerbachii was found on numerous marine animals ; 
Trichodina synaptee, T. anledonis, Bhabdostyla arenaria (from Syn. 
inhaerens'), and Vorticella amphiurse , are new species. Of Dinoflagellata 
Prorocentrum micans was found in the intestine of Antedon rosacea, while 
four Sporozoa were reported from Syn. inhaerens, S. digitata, Holothuria 
tubulosa, and Echinocardium cordatum. 
Classification of Sporozoa.|j — Sig. P. Mingazzini discusses the 
affinities between Sarcosporidia and Microsporidia, as regards their dis- 
tribution, the form and size of their spores, their mode of development, 
and their adult characters. He concludes that the two groups must be 
united, and recognizes (1) Gregarinida, (2) Myxosporidia, (3) Sarco- 
sporidia (including Microsporidia), and (4) Hsemosporidia (the parasites 
of the blood of Vertebrates), as the four well-defined orders of Sporozoa. 
Chlamydomonads.l — Prof. Goroschankin has endeavoured to clear up 
the classification of the genus Chlamydomonas. He describes Chi. Rein- 
hardi Dangeard, Chi. De-Baryana sp. n., Chi. Perty Gor., Chi. Steinii 
Gor., Chi. Kuteinikowi sp. n., Chi. multifilis Fresenius, Chi. reticulata 
sp. n., Chi. Ehrenbergii = Chi. morieri Dangeard, Chi. pulvisculus Ehren- 
berg, Diselmis viridis Dujardin, and Chi. Metastigma Stein. 
In the Chlamydomonad genera Phacotus, Chlamydococcus, and 
Chlorogonium, the asexual individuals produce small, biflagellate, naked 
zoospores or planogametes, which conjugate by their apices or laterally, 
and eventually form zygotes. The conjugation is like that of Pandorina 
Morum or Stephanosphaera pluvialis. But in the genus Chlamydomonas 
there is considerable variety. Thus, in the first five species mentioned 
above, the conjugation is like that in the other genera of Chlamydo- 
monads already described. In Chi. reticulata, multifilis, and Ehrenbergii, 
however, the gametes are enveloped in membranes, which in various 
ways they cast off before or during conjugation, while in Chi. Braunii 
the membrane is retained. In Chi. multifilis and Chi. Ehrenbergii the 
two conjugating individuals are often markedly dimorphic. “ But there 
are all possible gradations of sexual differentiation between nearly 
related forms, and even within the same species.” 
* Bull. See. Aquiculture de France, xv. (1890) pp. 192-8. 
f Virchow’s Arekiv, 122 (1890) pp. 552-73 (1 pi). 
X Bollet. Scient., xii. and xiii. (1890-1). 
§ Rcw. Biol, du Nord, iii. (1891) 1 pi. 
|| Atti R. Accad. Lined — Rend., vii. (1891) pp 136-41. 
U Bull. Soc. Imp. Nat., 1891, pp. 101-142 (3 pis.). 
