ZOOLOGY AND BOTANY, MICROSCOPY, ETC. 
199 
and flew again upwards. But some rested too often, for when the wings 
became thoroughly damped, those which rested on the surface never rose 
again. But we find no account of swimming butterflies. 
Mimicry.* — Dr. E. Haase continues his elaborate memoir on the 
mimicry and systematic relations of Papilionidse. In the present 
instalment, he begins with a short history of the theory of mimicry, from 
the use of the term by Kirby and Spence in 1816, down to the present 
day. In illustration of mimicry between plants he calls attention to the 
resemblance between Cerastium semidodecandrum var. tetrandrum and the 
Crucifer Cochlearia danica. Among lower animals no certain cases of 
mimicry are known, and that alleged by Bovallius to exist between the 
Crustacean Mimonectes and a Craspedote Medusa is not very convincing, 
since the Crustacean seems to be only occasionally a surface form. 
Among Arachnida, however, there are some good examples, as Bates, 
Belt, E. G. Beckham and others have shown. Herr Haase then passes to 
insects, and describes examples of mimicry among Orthoptera. 
Male Generative Organs of Honey-Bee.f— Mr. G. Koschewnikoff 
finds that all existing descriptions of the male generative organs of the 
Honey-Bee are either incomplete or incorrect. The testis has two 
envelopes ; the outer, which is formed by the fat-body, has two kinds of 
cells ; some are large and flat and have elongated flattened nuclei ; others 
are irregularly spherical and resemble the cells of the fat-body which 
contain the fat-drops. The inner coat is of the nature of connective tissue, 
and is divisible into two layers. The seminal tubules are surrounded 
by a fine fibrous investment which contains elongated nuclei, and they 
open into a reservoir placed in the interior of the testis. Tracheae 
are to be "found in the substance of the testis. The whole testicle of 
the Bee corresponds to a portion only of that of such a type as Sombyx 
mori. The vas deferens is given off from the reservoir, forms loops in 
and outside of the testis, and passes to the seminal vesicle. The epithe- 
lial cells of this last are elevated, arranged in circular ridges, and glan- 
dular in nature. The muscles are set circularly within, and longitudinal 
without. The canal into which the vesicle narrows does not open into 
the ductus ejaculatorius but into tho glandulm mucosae ; its epithelial 
cells are much vacuolated and have, therefore, a spongy appearance. The 
cfeca described and figured by Leuckart are really torn muscles which 
are attached to the ventral wall. 
The ductus ejaculatorius is inserted by two cliitinous branches into 
the point of union of the two glandulas mucosas ; it and the whole copu- 
latory apparatus are devoid of muscles, which are, however, well 
developed beneath the mucous glands. From the end of the ductus 
ejaculatorius to the outer opening of the generative apparatus, we have a 
continuous chitinous sac with various evaginations, folds and thickenings. 
In its upper part there are attached to it two pairs of large chitinous 
plates, the chitin of which has a distinctly granular structure. The 
succeeding part is so strongly cliitinized that no trace of epithelial cells 
is to be seen ; this chitin is closely covered with thick unbranched hairs 
directed inwards, and larger and thicker at the points where the chitinous 
* Bibliotheca Zool., viii. (1891) Heft 3, pp. 1-8 (4 pis.). 
f Zool. Anzeig., xiv. (1891) pp. 393-6. 
